Filtered coffee is associated with a lower risk of death than no coffee or unfiltered coffee, reports a new study.
![Drinking Filtered Brew is the Safest: Study
Drinking Filtered Brew is the Safest: Study](https://images.medindia.net/health-images/1200_1000/healthy-coffee.jpg)
The first study to examine links between coffee brewing methods and risks of heart attacks and death has concluded that filtered brew is safest.
"Our study provides strong and convincing evidence of a link between coffee brewing methods, heart attacks, and longevity," said study author Professor Dag S. Thelle of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. "Unfiltered coffee contains substances which increase blood cholesterol. Using a filter removes these and makes heart attacks and premature death less likely."
Some 30 years ago, Professor Thelle discovered that drinking coffee was linked with raised total cholesterol and the "bad" LDL cholesterol - to such an extent that it was likely to have detrimental consequences for heart health. Experiments identified the culprit substances in coffee and found that they could be removed using a filter. A cup of unfiltered coffee contains about 30 times the concentration of the lipid-raising substances compared to filtered coffee.
He said: "We wondered whether this effect on cholesterol would result in more heart attacks and death from heart disease. But it was unethical to do a randomizing trial for people to drink coffee or not. So we set up a large population study, and several decades later, we are reporting the results."
Between 1985 and 2003, the study enrolled a representative sample of the Norwegian population: 508,747 healthy men and women aged 20 to 79. Participants completed a questionnaire on the amount and type of coffee consumed. Data was also collected on variables that could influence both coffee consumption and heart diseases so that these could be accounted for in the analysis. For example, smoking, education, physical activity, height, weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol.
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Overall, coffee drinking was not a dangerous habit. In fact, drinking filtered coffee was safer than no coffee at all. Compared to no coffee, the filtered brew was linked with a 15% reduced risk of death from any cause during follow up. For death from cardiovascular disease, the filtered brew was associated with a 12% decreased risk of death in men and a 20% lowered risk of death in women compared to no coffee. The lowest mortality was among consumers of 1 to 4 cups of filtered coffee per day.
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The filtered brew was also less risky than the unfiltered beverage for death from any cause, death due to cardiovascular disease, and deaths from heart attacks. "Our analysis shows that this was partly because of the cholesterol-increasing effect of unfiltered coffee," said Professor Thelle.
Professor Thelle noted that unfiltered coffee did not raise the risk of death compared to abstaining from coffee - except in men aged 60 and above, where unfiltered brew was linked with elevated cardiovascular mortality.
He said: "We only had one measurement of coffee consumption, but we know that brewing habits were changing in Norway during the follow-up period. We believe that some women and younger men drinking unfiltered coffee switched to filtered, thereby reducing the strength of the association with cardiovascular mortality, whereas older men were less inclined to change their habits."
Professor Thelle emphasized that these are observational data, but that if public health authorities asked for his advice, it would be: "For people who know they have high cholesterol levels and want to do something about it, stay away from the unfiltered brew, including coffee made with a cafetière. For everyone else, drink your coffee with a clear conscience and go for filtered."
Source-Eurekalert