Get That Brain Jogging to Avoid Alzheimer's Disease

Lower fitness levels can lead to vital nerve deterioration in the brain. This slow damage can later result in decline in memory in Alzheimer's patients.

Highlights

Exercises can improve brain’s health and thereby it could be lifesaving to patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Lower the fitness level, faster is the deterioration of vital nerve fibers of the brain.
Lower fitness levels were associated with weaker white matter (deep tissue of the brain), which in turn correlated with lower brain function.

Lower fitness levels can directly affect the speed of deterioration of vital nerve fibers in the brain finds a new study. The findings of this study are published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease.

"This research supports the hypothesis that improving people’s fitness may improve their brain health and slow down the aging process," said Dr. Kan Ding, a neurologist from the Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute who authored the study.

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‘Exercise could be lifesaving in patients with Alzheimer's disease as lower fitness levels have been associated with faster nerve fiber deterioration (becoming progressively worse) in the brain.’

The study focused on a type of brain tissue called white matter, which is comprised of millions of bundles of nerve fibers used by neurons to communicate across the brain.

Dr. Ding’s team enrolled older patients at high risk to develop Alzheimer’s disease who have early signs of memory loss, or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The researchers determined that lower fitness levels were associated with weaker white matter, which in turn correlated with lower brain function.

Unlike previous studies that relied on study participants to assess their own fitness, the new research objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness with a scientific formula called maximal oxygen uptake. Scientists also used brain imaging to measure the functionality of each patient’s white matter.

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Patients were then given memory and other cognitive tests to measure brain function, allowing scientists to establish strong correlations between exercise, brain health, and cognition.

The study adds to a growing body of evidence pointing to a simple yet crucial mandate for human health: Exercise regularly.

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However, the study leaves plenty of unanswered questions about how fitness and Alzheimer’s disease are intertwined. For instance, what fitness level is needed to notably reduce the risk of dementia? Is it too late to intervene when patients begin showing symptoms?

Some of these topics are already being researched through a five-year national clinical trial led by the O’Donnell Brain Institute.

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The trial, which includes six medical centers across the country, aims to determine whether regular aerobic exercise and taking specific medications to reduce high blood pressure and cholesterol levels can help preserve brain function. It involves more than 600 older adults at high risk to develop Alzheimer’s disease.

"Evidence suggests that what is bad for your heart is bad for your brain. We need studies like this to find out how the two are intertwined and hopefully find the right formula to help prevent Alzheimer’s disease," said Dr. Rong Zhang of UT Southwestern, who oversees the clinical trial and is Director of the Cerebrovascular Laboratory in the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, where the Dallas arm of the study is being carried out.

The research builds upon prior investigations linking healthy lifestyles to better brain function, including a 2013 study from Dr. Zhang’s team that found neuronal messages are more efficiently relayed in the brains of older adults who exercise.

In addition, other teams at the O’Donnell Brain Institute are designing tests for the early detection of patients who will develop dementia, and seek methods to slow or stop the spread of toxic proteins associated with the disease such as beta-amyloid and tau, which are blamed for destroying certain groups of neurons in the brain.

"A lot of work remains to better understand and treat dementia," said Dr. Ding, Assistant Professor of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics. "But, eventually, the hope is that our studies will convince people to exercise more."

Reference

Kan Ding, Takashi Tarumi, David C. Zhu, Benjamin Y. Tseng, Binu P. Thomas, Marcel Turner, Justin Repshas, Diana R. Kerwin, Kyle B. Womack, Hanzhang Lu, C. Munro Cullum, Rong Zhang. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and White Matter Neuronal Fiber Integrity in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2017; 61 (2): 729 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-170415

Source-Eurekalert