Blood Pressure Screening

About

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major health problem in today's world. It is estimated that 35.3 million men and 38.3 million women in the United States suffered from hypertension in 2005. Hypertension is often referred to as 'the silent killer' and accounts for nearly 6% of deaths worldwide(1^✔).

Though hypertension by itself does not cause any symptoms, untreated high blood pressure can result in complications like stroke, heart attack, heart failure, kidney failure and damage to the eyes. If the condition is detected and treated early, such serious complications may be avoided(2^✔).

Screening for high blood pressure is recommended since the condition is common, the procedure for recording blood pressure is very simple, the patient does not suffer from symptoms until he develops complications and high blood pressure can be easily controlled with lifestyle changes and medications(3^✔).

Blood Pressure Screening Procedure

1. How is blood pressure checked?

Blood pressure is checked using an instrument called a sphygmomanometer or blood pressure apparatus(4^✔).

The doctor or health care provider follows the following steps while recording blood pressure(5^✔):

• A cuff is tied around the patient's arm.
• The stethoscope is placed on the artery that runs over the elbow.
• The pressure in the cuff is raised to a particular level and then slowly reduced.

The sphygmomanometer reading where the heart beats are first heard is recorded as the 'systolic blood pressure.'

The pressure in the cuff is reduced further until the sound of the heartbeat stops. This is known as the 'diastolic blood pressure'(6^✔).

A number of automated blood pressure apparatus are now available that permit self recording of one's blood pressure at home.

The equipment to measure blood pressure in children should have a smaller cuff.

2. When should a person start monitoring his blood pressure?

People over the age of 18 are recommended to get their blood pressure checked(7^✔).

3. How frequently should blood pressure be monitored?

Blood pressure should be checked at least every two years, and every three months if it is too high(8^✔).

References:

1. Combatting a silent killer - the importance of self-screening of blood pressure from an early age - (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8495116/)
2. High Blood Pressure Symptoms and Causes - (https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/about.htm)
3. Manage High Blood Pressure - (https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/manage.htm)
4. Blood pressure check - (https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/19255.htm)
5. How to measure and record blood pressure - (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3936692/)
6. What is blood pressure and how is it measured? - (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279251/)
7. Get Your Blood Pressure Checked - (https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/screening-tests/get-your-blood-pressure-checked)
8. Hypertension - (https://nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/guidelines/nrhm-guidelines/stg/Hypertension_full.pdf)
9. About Hypertension - (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6477925/)
10. Hypertension management in general practice - (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1296108/)
11. Guide to Lowering Blood Pressure - Blood Pressure Calculator - (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/public/heart/hbp_low.pdf)

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