Heating Pads may Decrease Blood Pressure in People with Supine Hypertension

Individuals with supine hypertension, a condition that causes their blood pressure to rise when they lie down, including during sleep can lower their blood pressure by applying a heating pad, reports a new study. The findings of the study are presented at the Hypertension 2019 Scientific Sessions.

Supine hypertension is present in about half of people with autonomic failure, a chronic degenerative disease that affects the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions such as blood pressure and heart rate.

‘Heat therapy may be an innovative and non-pharmacologic approach to treat overnight high blood pressure. ’

Overnight increases in blood pressure are associated with damage to the heart and kidneys. It can also increase urine production, which can worsen a condition where a person's blood pressure rapidly drops upon standing, such as when first getting out of bed in the morning.

Researchers studied ten patients with autonomic failure and supine hypertension. The average age of the study participants was 76 years, with a systolic (upper number) blood pressure of 168 mm Hg measured in the lying position. During the two-night study, participants received heat at 100 degrees Fahrenheit from a medical-grade heating pad placed under their torso on one night, and an unheated pad on the other. Supine blood pressure was monitored every two hours, from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m., and heat therapy was applied from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.

The researchers found that heat therapy applied during sleep decreased systolic blood pressure, with a maximum reduction of 30 mm Hg after four hours of heat. Despite lowering overnight systolic blood pressure, heat therapy did not decrease nighttime urine production or improve the sudden drop in morning blood pressure.

"In many patients with autonomic failure, heat exposure decreases blood pressure by shifting blood to skin vessels," said Luis E. Okamoto, M.D., study author and research assistant professor of medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee.

"The use of local, controlled heat therapy may be a novel and simple approach to treat supine hypertension in these patients without using medications; however, additional studies are needed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of this approach."

Among the study's limitations are its small size and its focus on primary forms of autonomic failure, which is a rare condition. Although the study population was Caucasian, the researchers anticipate that the results may be applicable to other ethnic groups.

Source: Eurekalert