Key Metabolic Mechanism Discovered for Effective Treatment of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the body. A recent study suggests that patients suffering from tuberculosis may soon have a new and effective treatment option.

The Cornell University researchers have discovered a key metabolic mechanism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacteria, which could lead to new drugs for treating tuberculosis. Mtb, which currently infects nearly 1.5 billion people worldwide and causes more than 1 million deaths each year, requires host lipids, cholesterol and fatty acids, to maintain infection.

‘Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs. Compared with other diseases caused by a single infectious agent, tuberculosis is the second biggest killer, globally.’

This is considered a defining characteristic of this pathogen, and is thought to support the bacterium's ability to persist for long periods of time in hosts during both latent and active infections. The mechanisms of how Mtb assimilates the host's fatty acids have remained a mystery, until now. Using a genetic screen, Brian VanderVen and his team identified genes involved in cholesterol metabolism.

This identified the gene LucA. To tease out what the LucA protein does, VanderVen's team created a novel LucA Mtb mutant, which revealed that the protein encoded by the gene LucA is an integral membrane protein required for fatty acid and cholesterol uptake in Mtb. Further work determined that LucA interacts with subunits of specific proteins in the Mce1 and Mce4 complexes, which import fatty acids and cholesterol, respectively. Specifically, LucA stabilizes the transporters -- acting as an integral linchpin that, if removed, causes Mce1 and Mce4 to fall apart.

"Our data highlights the complexities and weaknesses of a highly successful intracellular pathogen," said VanderVen. The discovery sheds new light on how Mtb metabolizes fatty acids and cholesterol, and also firmly establishes that LucA is required for full virulence of Mtb in vivo, and is therefore is a novel drug target in Mtb. The next step for VanderVen and his team will be to investigate drugs that inhibit LucA. The findings are published in the journal eLife.

Source: ANI