PET Imaging Vs SPECT Scan: Which is Effective in Detecting Coronary Artery Disease?

Cardiac positron emission testing (PET) more successfully identified patients with severe obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and need for revascularization compared to single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), revealed researchers at the Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute in Salt Lake City.

Both, PET and SPECT scans are nuclear imaging techniques that provide metabolic and functional information of the heart. PET scans provide better image resolution and quality, but have not yet gotten widespread adaptation compared to SPECT. The study is one of the largest of its kind involving PET patients.

‘Cardiac positron emission testing (PET) was found to be more effective than single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan in detecting coronary disease.’

For the study, researchers examined Intermountain Healthcare's Enterprise Data Warehouse, which is one of the nation's largest depositories of clinical data, and identified 3,394 patients who underwent a pharmacologic SPECT from 2011-2012 and 7,478 patients who underwent PET in 2014-2015 at Intermountain Medical Center. The average age of the patients was 65 years, and 47 percent of patients were female.

"The benefit of the study is that it helps us better identify a patient's risk for adverse events affecting the heart and their need for further care," said David Min, MD, a cardiologist specializing in cardiac imaging at the Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, and lead author of the study.

Researchers looked at pharmacologic SPECT so the comparison with PET scans was more accurate. Both scans involve injecting a small dose of radioactive chemical, called a radiotracer, into the vein of the arm. The tracer travels through the body and is absorbed by the organs doctors examine.

Key findings of the study:

Using PET scans instead of SPECT scans resulted in increased rates of diagnosis of severe obstructive coronary artery disease from 70 percent to 79 percent.

PET scans were associated with a lower incidence of invasive catheterization without identification of severe coronary artery disease (43% vs 55%).

PET scans increased true positives and reduced false positives for severe coronary artery disease.

Results of the study will be presented at the American College of Cardiology Scientific Session in Orlando on March 10 at 10 a.m., ET. More than 13,000 cardiologists and cardiovascular clinicians from throughout the world are attending the four-day international meeting.

"Since Intermountain Medical Center made the switch from SPECT to PET in 2013, we thought it would be valuable to look at the differences in clinical outcomes since then," said Kirk Knowlton, MD, director of cardiovascular research at the Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute. "In order to understand the differences between the two-year period of SPECT utilization immediately before the PET program began and the two years after PET was fully implemented, we conducted a retrospective analysis of catheterization outcomes 60 days after heart patients received various treatments."

"This study involves one of the largest number of PET patients studied to date," Dr. Min added. "What we now know is that PET more successfully identifies patient who have high-grade coronary artery disease and may benefit from revascularization. Similarly, PET better identified patients who did not need an invasive procedure. This has broad implications as physicians consider what test best serves their individual patients and institutions consider the advantages and disadvantages of SPECT and PET as well as downstream resource utilization."

Source: Eurekalert