Superbug Resistant to All Known Medications Found in the United States

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs. A superbug resistant to all known medications has been found in the United States for the first time, revealed a top US public health official. This has raised new concern about the dwindling effectiveness of antibiotics.

The case involved a 49-year-old woman in Pennsylvania whose urinary tract infection tested positive for a strain of E. coli that is resistant to the antibiotic of last resort for such infections, known as colistin.

‘A superbug resistant to all known medications found in the United States for the first time has raised new concern about the dwindling effectiveness of antibiotics.’

"It was an old antibiotic, but it was the only one left for what I call nightmare bacteria," a family of germs known as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), said Thomas Frieden, chief of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The recently discovered antibiotic-resistant gene, known as mcr-1, has also been found in China and Europe.

"Its emergence in the United States for the first time heralds the emergence of truly pan-drug resistant bacteria," said a report on the finding, published in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, a journal of the American Society for Microbiology.

The report gave no details about the outcome of the Pennsylvania woman's case. Superbugs can be deadly, but not in all cases.

"The woman had not traveled outside the United States, so could not have acquired the resistant bacteria elsewhere," Frieden said. "We know now that the more we look, the more we are going to find," he added. "We risk being in a post-antibiotic world."

Colistin has been available since 1959 to treat infections caused by E. coli, Salmonella, and Acinetobacter, which can cause pneumonia or serious blood and wound infections. It was abandoned for human use in the 1980s due to high kidney toxicity, but is widely used in livestock farming, especially in China. However, colistin has been brought back as a treatment of last resort in hospitals and clinics as bacteria have started developing resistance to other, more modern drugs.

"We need to do a very comprehensive job of protecting antibiotics so we can have them and our children can have them," Frieden said, calling for more research into new antibiotics and better stewardship of existing drugs. "The medicine cabinet is empty for some patients," he added. "It is the end of the road for antibiotics unless we act urgently."

Source: AFP