Urine Test To Detect Risk Of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Australian scientists are proposing a simple urine test to detect risk of early onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This has become possible in the wake of the discovery by the researchers from the Centenary Institute in Sydney that the gene behind a rare kidney disorder could also cause OCD.

It's known that the gene SLC1A1 controls a protein that recovers essential chemicals called amino acids from the kidneys, but it also controls these same amino acids when they act as transmitters in the brain.

Now the Sydney researchers have identified mutations that stop the gene working properly in the kidneys, and suspect these same mutations are also involved in OCD.

OCD sufferers feel intense anxiety that bad things will happen, and are compelled to practise rituals - such as handwashing or arranging objects - to prevent them.

Professor John Rasko says doctors currently screen babies for dicarboxylic aminoaciduria (DA), an inherited disorder of the kidneys.

"This disorder affects the transport of two critical amino acids in nutrients - glutamate and aspartate," he said.

"These two amino acids are crucial in many aspects of building the body's proteins, but also one of them, glutamate, acts as a transmitter in the brain.

"The transporter that pumps glutamate in the kidneys also transports glutamate in the brain and in the brain it functions as a signalling molecule."

Professor Rasko says people with OCD have too much glutamate because of a defect in the pump.

He says this could simplify the means of identifying people who have a genetic predisposition to OCD.

"This may provide us with a new opportunity to test people who have OCD with a relatively simple test of the urine," he said.

"Although not everybody with OCD will have an abnormality in the urine test, what we'd like to be able to show in the future is that it will be able to provide insight into the mechanism by which this causes this otherwise debilitating disorder."

Professor Rasko says OCD affects up to 3 per cent of all Australians and in its worst cases can be completely debilitating, causing people to have to stay at home.

They hope to develop their findings into a test that can allow earlier diagnosis of children with OCD.

"During the past few decades studies have revealed that OCD has a strong genetic component," Centenary Institute Professor John Rasko said in a statement.

And various genetic studies had linked the disease to the SLC1A1 gene, he said, but there was no physical proof of how the gene caused it.

"Our research is a major first step towards bridging this gap," Prof Rasko said.

OCD expert Dr Mairwen Jones from the University of Sydney says early onset OCD affects about three per cent of Australians.

"It is the most intractable and disabling of the anxiety disorders," she said in the Centenary Institute statement.

"The earlier we can diagnose OCD the sooner we can start treatment to manage the obsessive and compulsive behaviours."

The Centenary Institute is an international consortium of researchers from the University of Sydney, the Australian National University, Universit� de Sherbrooke in Canada and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital.



Source: Medindia