Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Sialadenitis |Salivary Gland Inflammation

Creator: Dr. Sunita Chowdhary
Keywords: diagnosis of sialadenitis, treatment of sialadenitis, prevention of sialadenitis, salivary gland infection, visual examination, salivary duct discharge, bacterial infection, complete blood count, culture and sensitivity tests, sialendoscopy, x-rays, MRI, CT sacn, biopsy, antibiotic therapy, NSAIDs, anti-inflammatory drugs, hydration, increasing fluid intake, warm compress, sialogogues, good oral hygiene, balanced diet, drinking more water, smoking

Author - Dr. Sunita Chowdhary, L.C.E.H., M.D.[Hom]

Medically Reviewed by Dr. Kaushik Bharati, MSc, PhD, FRSPH (London) on May 21, 2019

How do you Diagnose Sialadenitis?

Your doctor will first take a thorough medical history and then perform a physical examination of the face and neck area. In most cases the doctor can diagnose a salivary gland infection with a visual examination; however you may be advised to do additional testing to determine the underlying cause.

Complete Blood Count (CBC): This can show presence of infection
Culture & Sensitivity Tests: The salivary duct discharge can be cultured and antibiotic sensitivity testing can be carried out to detect bacterial infection
Sialendoscopy: It is an endoscopic procedure to examine the ducts of the salivary glands
Dental X-rays: This accurately pinpoints the obstruction in the ducts of the salivary glands
MRI / CT Scans: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans provide detailed images of the salivary glands in cases where surgery is to be performed
Biopsy: Salivary gland tissue may be removed and examined under the microscope, if your doctor suspects an autoimmune disorder or a tumor

How can you Treat Sialadenitis?

Antibiotic therapy: treatment is advised if sialadenitis is due to bacterial infection. The exudates can be cultured to find out the causative bacteria and then treated with appropriate antibiotics

NSAIDs: These are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib, among others, which provide symptomatic pain relief

Hydration: Keeping well hydrated by increasing fluid intake can counteract the decreased flow of saliva. Your doctor may advise you to drink plenty of fluids or eat and drink things such as hard candy or lemon juice that increase saliva flow

Warm compress: Applying a warm compress to the affected gland may be soothing

Gland massage: Gentle massage may help move the salivary stone out of the gland

Sialogogues: These are drugs, such as pilocarpine, that stimulate salivary secretion

Good oral hygiene: Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for preventing sialadenitis

Surgery: This may be indicated if there are more than three attacks of sialadentis per year

How to Prevent Sialadenitis?

The risk of sialadenitis can be reduced by maintaining good oral hygiene. It is advisable to brush and floss teeth twice daily. Eating a well balanced diet and drinking one and half to two liters of water daily is also helpful.

Smoking is to be avoided. You can lower your risk of contracting viral infections such as mumps and influenza by getting vaccinated against them.

References:

Pace CG, Hwang K-G, Papadaki M, Troulis MJ. Interventional Sialoendoscopy for Treatment of Obstructive Sialadenitis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014; 72: 2157-66. - (https://www.joms.org/article/S0278-2391(14)01074-X/pdf)
Masquerading as Submandibular Sialadenitis. Indian J Clin Pract. 2014; 25(7): 652-4. - (http://medind.nic.in/iaa/t14/i12/iaat14i12p652.pdf)
Rare Disease Database: National Organization for Rare Diseases (NORD�) - Sialadenitis - (https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/sialadenitis/)
Brook I. Aerobic and Anaerobic Microbiology of Suppurative Sialadenitis. J Med Microbiol. 2002; 51: 526-9.
Salivary Gland Disorders - (https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/salivary-gland-disorders-a-to-z)
Wilson KF, Meier JD, Ward PD. Salivary Gland Disorders. Am Fam Physician. 2014; 89(11): 882-8.
ENT Health: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: Sialadenitis - (https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/sialadenitis/)

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Dr. Sunita Chowdhary. (2019, May 21). Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Sialadenitis |Salivary Gland Inflammation. Medindia. Retrieved on Dec 25, 2024 from https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention-of-sialadenitis.htm.
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