Complications And Prognosis of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Complications of PDA ligation are very rare.

• Infection and bleeding can occur.
• There is a rare chance of fluid building up around the lungs.
• Hoarseness or left vocal cord injury. (Caused by damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve).
• Paralysis of the diaphragm. (Damage to Phrenic Nerve)
• Horner's syndrome or oculosympathetic palsy or Bernard-Horner syndrome. (Damage to the sympathetic nervous system) .
• False Aneurysms.

Long-term complications are also rare. They can be narrowing of the aorta or partial closure of the ductus arteriosus. When a single clip or ligature is placed in the PDA, recanalization or reopening of the ductus can occur. This occurrence can be as high as 23%. To avoid this complication, usually the PDA is ligated at both ends.

Surgical risk for PDA ligation is less than 1 %. Risk is higher in patients with chronic heart disease and chronic lung disease. Older patients with a fragile PDA are at a higher risk too.

Surgery should not be performed in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension where the flow is usually reversed and patients present with cyanosis. After surgery, there may be temporary pain and feelings of discomfort for a few weeks. Restriction of activity depends on the individual's recovery. After complete recovery, the child should be able to eat better and gain proper weight. He/She can also participate in normal activities. Regular follow up appointments with the cardiologist is necessary.

References:

Electronic Journal Article

1. Indomethacin for asymptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Cooke L, Steer P, Woodgate P - (http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab003745.html)
2. Prophylactic intravenous Indomethacin for preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Fowlie PW, Davis PG - (http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab000174.html)
3. Prolonged versus short course of Indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. Herrera C, Holberton J, Davis P - (http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab003480.html)
4. Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Shah SS, Ohlsson A - (http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab004213.html)
5. Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Ohlsson A, Walia R, Shah S - (http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab003481.html)
6. Oral Ibuprofen for Closure of Hemodynamically Significant PDA in Premature Neonates. Pramila Hariprasad, V. Sundarrajan, G. Srimathy, B. Suthagar, Ramadevi, B. Shyla. Indian Pediatrics 2002; 39: 99-100 - (http://www.indianpediatrics.net/jan2002/jan-99-100.htm)
7. Khalil A et al. Incidence of congenital heart disease [PMID: 7875882] - (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7875882&dopt=medline)

Other Web References

1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - (http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic358.htm)
2. Congenital Heart Defects - (http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/pda/pda_what.html)
3. PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA) - (http://www.heartpoint.com/congpda.html)
4. Patent ductus arteriosus - (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001560.htm)

Cite this Article ⇣⇡

Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

• APA

  Padma Sundareson. (2013, April 19). Patent Ductus Arteriosus - Complications And Prognosis. Medindia. Retrieved on Jul 15, 2024 from https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/patent-ductus-arteriosus-complications.htm.

• MLA

  Padma Sundareson. "Patent Ductus Arteriosus - Complications And Prognosis". Medindia. Jul 15, 2024. <https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/patent-ductus-arteriosus-complications.htm>.

• Chicago

  Padma Sundareson. "Patent Ductus Arteriosus - Complications And Prognosis". Medindia. https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/patent-ductus-arteriosus-complications.htm. (accessed Jul 15, 2024).

• Harvard

  Padma Sundareson. 2013. Patent Ductus Arteriosus - Complications And Prognosis. Medindia, viewed Jul 15, 2024, https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/patent-ductus-arteriosus-complications.htm.