Fluoroquinolones - A Review II

(Compiled by T R Ramanujam)
Prof Head, Department of pharmacology

Adverse effects

Drug Interactions

Pharmacological outline of Sparfloxacin

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS of Quinolones

Conclusion

Pharmacological outline of Sparfloxacin

SPARFLOXACIN:

Sparfloxacin is an orally effective and it is a new diflourinated quinolone with structure similar to ciprofloxacin with broad antibacterial spectrum including improved activity against Grampositive, Mycobacteriae, Chlamydiae, Mycoplasmae, and anaerobes with good tissue penetration and long elimination half life. Its effect is superior against Staphylococci epidermides, E.fecalis, Streptococci pneumonia, C.perfringes & other anaerobes. It is the most appropriate agent for treatment of Urinary Tract Infection, Respiratory tract infection and other systemic infection having both improved patient compliance and greater efficacy.

Clinical trials with Sparfloxacin:

1. Sparfloxacin is well tolerated and effective against obstetric & gynecological  infection
2. Sparfloxacin exerted strong antimicrobial activity against Shigellae, Salmonellae, Camphylobacter, and marked clinical efficacy against enteritis induced by the above organisms.
3. Sparfloxacin found to be very useful in post- surgical infections.
4. Sparfloxacin in respiratory infections – Excellent activity against S.aureus, Streptococci pneumoniae, Br.catarrhalis,H.influenzae, Mycoplasmae and therefore indicated in URI, ACEB, Diffuse panbronchiolitis, Bronchiectasis, & pneumonia.
5. Sparfloxacin has excellent activity in the following dermatological conditions viz., Folliculitis, Pustular acne, Furunculosis, carbuncles, Impetigo, Erysipelas, Cellulitis, Felon, Lymphangitis, paronychia,SC abscess, Hidradenitis, Infected atheroma, Infected pilinoidal sinus etc.,
6. Sparfloxacin in Leprosy:
• Radio respirometric activity undetectable after 4 weeks of therapy
• Serum phenolic glycolipid 1 antigen diminished in all patients
• Among 20 quinolones, Sparfloxacin was the most active in leprosy
7. Sparfloxacin exerted very good effect in Mycobacterial infections with the exception of M.scrofulaceum and M.chelonae.
8. Sparfloxacin exhibits highest antimicrobial potency against Legonellairs infection because of its enhanced penetration into human neutrophils with Intra Cellular concentrations exceeding extracellular concentrations several times. Therefore sparfloxacin is superior bactericidal against M.homins, M.pneumoniae, M.genitaklium, U.urealyticum, M.fermentans.
9. Sparfloxacin has good activity against MAC infection but the role of quinolones in multi- drug regimen for opportunistic infections by MAC in AIDS remains unclear.