| Common Anticonvulsant Drugs : - | |||||
| Drug | Seizure type | Oral Dose | Loading | Therapeutic Dose(IV) Level (ug/mL) | Side effects Serum and Toxicity |
| Carba mazepine (CBZ) | Generalised tonic-clonic Partial | Begin 10 mg/ kg/24 hr increase to 20 mg/kg/24hr | -- | 8-12 | Dizziness, drowsiness diplopia,liver dysfunction, anemia, leukopenia |
| Clonazepam | Absence Myoclonic Infantile Spasms Partial | Begin 0.05 mg/ kg/24 hr Increase 0.05 mg/kg/wk Maximum 0.2 mg/kg/24 hr | -- | >0.013 | Drowsiness, Irritability behavioral abnormalities depression, excessive salivation |
| Ethosuximide | Absence Myoclonic | Begin 20 mg/ kg/24 hr Increase to maximum of 40 mg/kg/24hr 0r 1.5 g/24 hr whichever is less | -- | 40-100 | Abdominal discomfort skin rash, liver dysfunction, Leukopenia |
| Nitrazepam | Absence Myoclonic infantile spasms | Begin 0.2 mg/kg/24 hr Increase slowly to 1mg/kg/24hr | -- | Similar to clonazepam | |
| Paraldehyde | Generalised status epilepticus | Make a 5% solution by adding 1.75 mL of paral dehyde to D5W with total volume of 35 mL | 150-200 mg/kg. Mainte- nance 20 mg kg/hr | 10-40 | |
| Phenobarbital(PB) | Generalised tonic clonic Partial | 3-5 mg/kg/hr | 10-20 mg/kg 20-30 mg/kg in the neonate | 15-40 | Hyperactivity, irritability short attention span temper tantrums, altered sleep pattern, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, depression of cognitive function |
| Phenytoin(PTH) | Generalised tonic clonic Partial | 5 mg/kg/24hr | 10-20 mg/kg | 10-20 | Hirsutism, gum hypertrophy, ataxia, skin rash, Stevens- Johnson syndrome |
| Primidone | Generalised tonic clonic Partial | Begin 50 mg/24 hr in two divided doses Gradually increase to 150-500 mg/ 24 hr given in three divided doses | -- | 5-12 | Aggressive behavior personality changes similar to phenobar bital |
| Sodium Valproate(VA) | Generalised tonic clonic Absence Myoclonic Partial | Begin 10 mg/kg/ 24 hr Increase by 5-10 mg/kg/wk Usual dose 30-40 mg/kg/24 hr | -- | 50-100 | Weight gain, alopecia hepatotoxicity |
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