Abnormal processes

Traumatic and mechanical disorders (eg, tamponade, valvular disease, obstructive cardiomyopathy)

Neoplastic disorders

Metabolic and regulatory disorders (eg, dysrhythmias, systolic and

diastolic dysfunction, low- and high-output heart failure, cor pulmonale, systemic hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, systemic hypotension, and shock)

Vascular disorders (eg, aneurysms, occlusions, varicosities, atherosclerosis)

Systemic diseases affecting the cardiovascular system (eg, amyloidosis, aortic dissection with Marfan syndrome, and scleroderma)

Congenital disorders of the heart and central vessels

Infectious,

inflammatory, and immunologic disorders

• Infectious disorders (eg, endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis)
• Inflammatory and immunologic disorders (eg, acute rheumatic fever, systemic lupus erythematosus, transplant rejection, vasculitis, temporal arteritis)

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