Abnormal processes

Infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders

• Infectious disorders (eg, peritonitis, hepatitis, gingivostomatitis, peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophagitis, traveler's diarrhea,
  
  food poisoning)
• Inflammatory disorders (eg, cholecystitis, pancreatitis)
• Immunologic disorders (eg, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis)

Traumatic and mechanical disorders

• Malocclusion
• Hiatus hernia
• Obstruction (eg, volvulus, intussusception, esophageal atresia, annular pancreas, postsurgical obstruction)
• Perforation of hollow viscus and blunt trauma
• Inguinal, femoral, and abdominal wall hernias
• Esophageal
  and colonic diverticula (eg, Meckel diverticulum)

Neoplastic disorders, including benign and malignant metabolic and regulatory disorders (eg, motility disorders, malabsorption, hepatic failure, cholelithiasis)

Vascular disorders (eg, portal hypertension, hemorrhoids, ischemia, angiodysplasia)

Systemic disorders affecting the gastrointestinal system

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