Abnormal processes

Infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders

Infectious disorders

• Upper urinary tract (eg, pyelonephritis, papillary necrosis)
• Lower urinary
  
  tract (eg, cystitis, urethritis)

Inflammatory and immunologic disorders

• Glomerular disorders (eg, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and IgA nephropathy)
• Tubular interstitial disease (eg, interstitial nephritis, transplant rejection)

Metabolic and regulatory disorders

• Renal failure, acute and chronic (eg, acute tubular necrosis)
• Tubular and collecting duct disorders
  (eg, Fanconi syndrome, renal tubular acidosis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, polycystic kidney disease)
• Renal calculi

Traumatic and mechanical disorders (eg, obstructive uropathy)

Neoplastic disorders, primary (eg, renal, urinary bladder and collecting system) and metastases

Vascular disorders (eg, renal artery stenosis)

Systemic diseases affecting the renal system (eg, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis, amyloidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener granulomatosis)

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