Abnormal processes

Infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders

Infectious diseases

• Infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract (eg, sinusitis, pharyngitis)
• Acute
  
  infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract and pleura and their complications (eg, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, abscess, empyema)
• Chronic infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract (eg, Mycobacterium, endemic fungal infections, Nocardia/Actinomyces)

Immunologic disorders

• Allergic and hypersensitivity disorders (eg, asthma)
• Autoimmune disorders (eg, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Goodpasture syndrome)

Inflammatory

disorders

• Pneumoconioses
• Acute and chronic alveolar injury (eg, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chlorine gas/smoke inhalation)
• Obstructive pulmonary disease
• Restrictive pulmonary disease (eg, sarcoidosis, idiopathic fibrosis)

Traumatic and mechanical disorders (eg, foreign body aspiration, pneumothorax, atelectasis, sleep apnea)

Neoplastic disorders (eg, polyps, bronchogenic carcinoma, mesothelioma, metastatic tumors)

Metabolic, regulatory, and structural disorders (eg, hypoventilation, disorders of gas exchange, ventilation-perfusion imbalance, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome)

Vascular and circulatory disorders (eg, thromboembolic disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion)

Systemic disorders affecting the respiratory system

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