Normal Processes

Embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal changes

Organ structure and function

• Chambers, valves
• Cardiac cycle, mechanics, heart sounds, cardiac
  
  conduction
• Hemodynamics, including systemic, pulmonary, coronary, and blood volume
• Circulation in specific vascular beds

Cell/tissue structure and function

• Heart muscle, metabolism, oxygen consumption, biochemistry, and secretory function (eg, atrial natriuretic peptide)
• Endothelium and secretory function, vascular smooth muscle, microcirculation, and lymph flow
• Mechanisms of atherosclerosis
• Neural
  and hormonal regulation of the heart, blood vessels, and blood volume, including responses to change in posture, exercise, and tissue metabolism

Repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life

• << Cardiovascular System
• Abnormal processes >>