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Normal Processes

Embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal changes


Organ structure and function

  • Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
  • Glomerular filtration and

    hemodynamics
  • Tubular reabsorption and secretion, including transport processes and proteins
  • Urinary concentration and dilution
  • Renal mechanisms in acid-base balance
  • Renal mechanisms in body fluid homeostasis
  • Micturition

Cell/tissue structure and function, including renal metabolism and oxygen consumption, hormones produced by or acting on the kidney


Repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life

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