Biology of Cells

• Structure and function of cell components (eg, nucleus, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane)
• Signal transduction (including basic principles, receptors and channels,
  
  second messengers, signal trasnduction pathways)
• Cell adhesion and cell motility
• Intracellular sorting (eg, trafficking, endocytosis)
• Cellular homeostasis (eg, turnover, pH maintenance, proteasome, ions, soluble proteins)
• Cell cycle (eg, mitosis, meiosis, structure of spindle apparatus, cell cycle regulation)
• Structure and function of basic tissue components (including epithelial cells, connective tissue cells, muscle cells, nerve cells, and extracellular matrix)
• Adaptive
  cell response to injury
• Intracellular accumulations (eg, pigments, fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, inclusions, vacuoles)
• Mechanisms of injury and necrosis
• Apoptosis

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