Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Gene expression: DNA structure, replication, and exchange
DNA structure: single- and double-stranded DNA, stabilizing forces, supercoiling
Analysis of DNA: sequencing, restriction analysis, PCR amplification, hybridization
DNA replication, mutation, repair, degradation, and inactivation
Gene structure and organization; chromosomes; centromere, telomere
Recombination, insertion sequences, transposons
Mechanisms of genetic exchange, including transformation, transduction, conjugation, crossover, recombination, linkage plasmids and bacteriophages