Normal Processes

Embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal changes

Organ structure and function

• Chambers, valves
• Cardiac cycle, mechanics, heart sounds, cardiac
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  conduction
• Hemodynamics, including systemic, pulmonary, coronary, and blood volume
• Circulation in specific vascular beds

Cell/tissue structure and function

• Heart muscle, metabolism, oxygen consumption, biochemistry, and secretory function (eg, atrial natriuretic peptide)
• Endothelium and secretory function, vascular smooth muscle, microcirculation, and lymph flow
• Mechanisms of atherosclerosis
• Neural
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  and hormonal regulation of the heart, blood vessels, and blood volume, including responses to change in posture, exercise, and tissue metabolism

Repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life

• << Cardiovascular System
• Abnormal processes >>