Quantitative Methods

Fundamental concepts of measurement

• scales of measurement
• Distribution, central tendency, variability, probability
• Disease prevalence and incidence
• Disease
  
  outcomes (eg, fatality rates)
• Associations (eg, correlation and covariance)
• Health impact (eg, risk differences and ratios)
• Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values

Fundamental concepts of study design

• Types of experimental studies (eg, clinical trials, community intervention trials)
• Types of observational studies (eg, cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, case series, community surveys)
• Sampling
  and sample size
• Subject selection and exposure allocation (eg, randomization, stratification, self-selection, systematic assignment)
• Outcome assessment
• Internal and external validity

Fundamental concepts of hypothesis testing and statistical inference

• Confidence intervals
• Statistical significance and Type I error
• Statistical power and Type II error
• Hematopoietic and Lymphoreticular Systems

• << Immune Responses
• Normal processes >>