Q: What is immunotherapy for esophageal cancer?
A: Immunotherapy involves using drugs to activate the body’s immune system to fight against the tumor cells.
Q: Which specialist should I consult if I have swallowing difficulty?
A: You should consult a general surgeon for further investigations regarding the cause.
Q: Once esophageal cancer is diagnosed, which doctors will be involved in the treatment?
A: Treatment involves a multidisciplinary team such as gastroenterologist, surgical oncologist and radiation oncologist.
Q: Why does one get esophageal cancer?
A: The exact cause is not known. The DNA in the cells of the esophagus undergo changes or mutations which cause these cells to multiply in an uncontrolled manner and become a tumor mass. The risk of cancer development is enhanced if one were to have a genetic predisposition for these mutations and increased furthermore if the risk factors for esophageal cancer coexist.
Q: How is esophageal cancer staged?
A: Staging is done as per the TNM system, T stands for tumor depth, N for node and M for metastases. There are 5 stages namely Stages I, IIA, IIB, III and IV.
Stage I is tumor confined within esophagus and stage IV represents tumors that have metastasized.
Q: How many sessions of radiation is necessary for esophageal cancer?
A: Generally 25-30 sessions or fractions of radiation treatment are necessary. Each session lasts for approximately 15 minutes.
Q: How long do I need to stay in hospital following surgery?
A: The duration may vary but it could range between 5 to 10 days.
