Diagnosis of Cancer of Maxillary Sinus & Paranasal Sinuses
Early detection and initiation of treatment can improve survival rates. The outcome depends on the ‘stage’ of the cancer. Staging is the process of finding out the extent to which the cancer has spread. Apart from the routine physical examination the following procedures are carried out:
- X-ray: This is a cost effective imaging modality and remains as one of the first investigations ordered for but it may not confirm the presence of cancer.
- CT scan: In computed tomography (also called computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography) a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body are taken from different angles. This can accurately show the extent of the cancer
- MRI scan: MRI stands for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This is a non invasive technique that doesn’t use ionizing radiations unlike a CT scan. Instead strong magnetic fields are used.
CT scan and MRI scans provide more detailed information than a plain radiograph. - Bone scan: A maxillary sinus cancer may lead to erosion of bones. These are checked for by performing a bone scan. A very small amount of radioactive material is injected into a vein. It travels through the bloodstream and collects in the bones and is detected by a scanner.
- Endoscopy: Here an endoscope which is a thin, tube like instrument is inserted through the nose. It aids in visualising abnormal areas. It also lets removal of tissue samples for biopsy and further study.
