Infectious Diseases Recognized in India

India’s distinctive demographic profile and geographic position presents a unique challenge to infectious disease management. The country is one of the world’s most populated nations, with a substantial proportion of the population living in impoverished areas where infectious diseases can spread exponentially.

Geographically, the country lies within the distribution zone of important disease vectors such as the Aedes aegypti mosquito (which spreads dengue and Zika virus ), and the country is subject to annual monsoon seasons which perpetuate mosquito borne diseases such as Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis and Chikungunya

Newly Discovered Microbes and Diseases of Public Health Importance
Year	Agent	Disease
1975	Parvovirus B-19	Fifth disease
1976	Cryptosporidium parvum	Cryptosporidiosis
1977	Ebola virus	Ebola haemorrhagic fever
1977	Legionella pneumophila	Legionnaire’s disease
1977	Hantaan virus	Korean haemorrhagic fever
1977	Campylobacter jejuni	Gastroenteritis (food poisoning)
1980	Human T-lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I)	T-cell leukemia/lymohoma
1981	Toxin producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus(golden staph)	Various infections
1982	Escherichia coli O157:H7	Food poisoning
1982	HTLV-II	Lymphoma
1982	Borrelia burgdorferi	Lyme disease
1983	Human immunodeficiency virus	AIDS
1983	Helicobacter pylori	Duodenal and gastric ulcer and stomach cancer
1985	Enterocytozoon bieneusi	Microsporidiosis diarrhoea
1986	Cyclospora cayatanensis	Diarrhoea
1988	Hepatitis E virus	Hepatitis
1989	Ehrilichia chafeensis	Human monocytic Ehrilichiosis
1989	Hepatitis C virus	Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma)
1991	Guanarito virus	Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever
1991	Encephalitozoon hellem	- - -
1991	New species of Babesia	Babesiosis haemolytic disease
1992	Vibrio cholerae O139	Cholera
1992	Bartonella henselae	Bacteremia, endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatis
1993	Sin nombre virus	Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), aka Four corners virus or Navajo flu
1993	Encephalitozoon cunculi	- - -
1994	Sabia virus	Brazilian haemorrhagic fever
1995	Human herpes virus 8(HHV-8)	Kaposi’s sarcoma
1999	Nipah virus	Nipah virus (NiV) encephalitis
2002	SARS coronavirusa	Severe acute respiratory syndrome
2003	Influenza A (H5N1)a	Avian Influenza
2009	Influenza A( H1N1)	Swine Flu
2012	Novel coronavirus	Severe respiratory infection

Dengue: Dengue virus belongs to the family of Flaviviridae, having four serotypes that spread by the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes.
In India, the first epidemic of clinical dengue-like illness was recorded in Madras (now Chennai) in 1780 and the first virologically proven epidemic of dengue fever (DF) occurred in Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Eastern Coast of India in 1963-1964.

Dengue Cases and Deaths in India between 2010 and 2017:

Sl. No.	Affected States/UTs	2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016*		2017*
		C	D	C	D	C	D	C	D	C	D	C	D	C	D	C	D
1	Andhra Pradesh	776	3	1209	6	2299	2	910	1	1262	5	3159	2	3417	2	1080	0
2	Arunachal Pradesh	0	0	0	0	346	0	0	0	27	0	1933	1	13	0	3	0
3	Assam	237	2	0	0	1058	5	4526	2	85	0	1076	1	6157	4	331	0
4	Bihar	510	0	21	0	872	3	1246	5	297	0	1771	0	1912	0	18	0
5	Chhattisgarh	4	0	313	11	45	0	83	2	440	9	384	1	356	0	38	0
6	Goa	242	0	26	0	39	0	198	2	168	1	293	0	150	0	150	0
7	Gujarat	2568	1	1693	9	3067	6	6272	15	2320	3	5590	9	8028	14	883	0
8	Haryana	866	20	267	3	768	2	1784	5	214	2	9921	13	2493	0	4	1
9	Himachal Pradesh	3	0	0	0	73	0	89	2	2	0	19	1	322	0	5	0
10	J & K	0	0	3	0	17	1	1837	3	1	0	153	0	79	1	1	0
11	Jharkhand	27	0	36	0	42	0	161	0	36	0	102	0	414	1	187	0
12	Karnataka	2285	7	405	5	3924	21	6408	12	3358	2	5077	9	6083	8	5728	5
13	Kerala	2597	17	1304	10	4172	15	7938	29	2575	11	4075	25	7439	13	16530	28
14	Madhya Pradesh	175	1	50	0	239	6	1255	9	2131	13	2108	8	3150	12	52	0
15	Meghalaya	1	0	0	0	27	2	43	0	0	0	13	0	172	0	6	0
16	Maharashtra	1489	5	1138	25	2931	59	5610	48	8573	54	4936	23	6792	33	718	3
17	Manipur	7	0	220	0	6	0	9	0	0	0	52	0	51	1	36	0
18	Mizoram	0	0	0	0	6	0	7	0	19	0	43	0	580	0	36	0
19	Nagaland	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	21	1	142	0	0	0
20	Orissa	29	5	1816	33	2255	6	7132	6	6433	9	2450	2	8380	11	455	2
21	Punjab	4012	15	3921	33	770	9	4117	25	472	8	14128	18	10439	15	153	0
22	Rajasthan	1823	9	1072	4	1295	10	4413	10	1243	7	4043	7	5292	16	167	0
23	Sikkim	0	0	2	0	2	0	38	0	5	0	21	0	82	0	20	0
24	Tamil Nadu	2051	8	2501	9	12826	66	6122	0	2804	3	4535	12	2531	5	6919	1
25	Tripura	0	0	0	0	9	0	8	0	6	0	40	0	102	0	62	0
26	Telangana	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	704	1	1831	2	4037	4	422	0
27	Uttar Pradesh	960	8	155	5	342	4	1414	5	200	0	2892	9	15033	42	302	17
28	Uttrakhand	178	0	454	5	110	2	54	0	106	0	1655	1	2146	4	0	0
29	West Bengal	805	1	510	0	6456	11	5920	6	3934	4	8516	14	22865	45	571	0
30	A& N Island	25	0	6	0	24	0	67	0	139	0	153	0	92	0	9	0
31	Chandigarh	221	0	73	0	351	2	107	0	13	0	966	1	1246	0	53	0
32	Delhi	6259	8	1131	8	2093	4	5574	6	995	3	15867	60	4431	10	657	1
33	D&N Haveli	46	0	68	0	156	1	190	0	641	1	1154	0	4161	2	443	0
34	Daman & Diu	0	0	0	0	96	0	61	0	46	0	165	0	89	0	14	0
35	Puduchery	96	0	463	3	3506	5	2215	0	1322	1	771	0	490	2	582	0
	Total	28292	110	18860	169	50222	242	75808	193	40571	137	99913	220	129166	245	36635	58

Zika Virus:
On 15 May 2017, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare-Government of India (MoHFW) reported three laboratory-confirmed cases of Zika virus disease in Bapunagar area, Ahmedabad District, Gujarat, State, India.

Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes.

World Health Organization has declared Zika virus disease to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 1st February, 2016.

References:

1. Indian Council of Medical Research
2. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Gov’t of India
3. Dengue Cases and Deaths in the Country since 2010

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