Endocrine system

Endocrine Glands

• The major endocrine glands in the human body are the pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries (female), and testes (male).

Hormones

• The human body contains 50 amazing hormones, which regulate activities like sleep, body temperature, hunger, growth and development, and managing stress in times of crisis (1^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Overview of the Endocrine System
  
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• The term "hormone" was introduced in 1905, and "endocrinology" was introduced in 1909 (2^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Emergence of the concept of endocrine function and endocrinology
  
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Neuroendocrine System

• The endocrine system works together with the nervous system to regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism. They are called the neuro endocrine system (3^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Endocrine disorders and the neurologic manifestations
  
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Stress and Hormones

• The endocrine system produces cortisol and other steroid hormones that help the body respond to stress (4^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Physiology, Stress Reaction
  
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• Physical and emotional stress causes the endocrine system to produce more hormones.

Hormones of the Hypothalamus

• The hypothalamus produces hormones that help to regulate body temperature, heart rate, sleep, sex drive, hunger, and thirst (5^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Physiology, Hypothalamus
  
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• Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus are gonadotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), oxytocin, somatostatin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, vasopressin, dopamine, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

Ductless Gland

• The endocrine glands do not have any ducts and transfer hormones directly into the bloodstream. They are referred to as the ductless glands.

Pituitary Gland

• The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain and controlled by the hypothalamus (6^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Physiology, Pituitary Gland
  
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• The pituitary gland is referred to as the body’s master gland as it controls the activity of most other hormone-secreting glands (7^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Pituitary gland and hormones
  
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Pancreas

• The pancreas is a small organ that has both exocrine and endocrine functions. It helps with digestion and regulates blood sugar.

Thyroid Gland

• The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the lower part of the neck (8^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Physiology, Exocrine Gland
  
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• Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin are the hormones produced by the thyroid gland (9^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Histology, Thyroid Gland
  
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• Iodine is an essential element for the production of thyroid hormones (10^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  The role of iodine in human growth and development
  
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• Thyroid function will decrease with age (11^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Hypothyroidism in the older population
  
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Adrenal Gland

• The adrenal gland is a small, triangular-shaped gland found on both sides of the kidney. This gland is composed of two parts: the medulla and the cortex (12^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Physiology, Adrenal Gland
  
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• Adrenal hormones help regulate the immune system, blood pressure, metabolism, and the body's salt and water balance.
• Adrenaline or epinephrine is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a vital role in the fight or flight response.

Pineal Gland

• The pineal gland is a small, tiny cone-shaped gland located in the center of the brain. It is also known as the "Seat of the Soul" and the "Third Eye" (13^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Physiology of the Pineal Gland and Melatonin
  
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• Melatonin is a natural hormone produced by the pineal gland that helps control the circadian cycle of sleep and wakefulness (14^✔ ✔Trusted Source
  Melatonin, the Hormone of Darkness: From Sleep Promotion to Ebola Treatment
  
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