It is a disease of the kidney, in which the proximal renal tubules allow the glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate and bicarbonate to pass through instead of reabsorption. Proximal tubule is the area that the fluid travels after it is filtered through the glomerulus, for reabsorption of the essential substances and nutrients.
Cause(s) : Genetic, certain drugs, exposure to heavy metals
Inherited causes of Fanconi’s syndrome
Cystinosis
Wilson’s disease
Lowe syndrome
Tyrosinemia type 1
Galactosemia
Glycogen storage diseases
Hereditary fructose intolerance
Acquired causes:
Intake of expired tetracyclines
Side effects of tenofovir
Lead poisoning
Multiple myeloma
Symptoms :
Excessive urination (polyuria)
Excess thirst (polydipsia)
Dehydration
Hypophosphatemic rickets in children (due to lack of phosphate)
Osteomalacia in adults (due to lack of phosphate)
Growth failure
Excess uric acid in urine
Lack of reabsorption of nutrients may cause problems in levels of blood content:
Hypophosphatemia (lack of phosphate)
Hypokalemia (lack of potassium)
Hyperchloremia (excess of chloride)
Acidosis (increased acidity in blood)
Excess secretion of the following in urine:
Glycosuria (excess glucose in urine)
Proteinuria (excess protein in urine)
Hyperuricosuria (excess uric acid)
Phosphaturia (excess phosphate in urine)
Diagnosis and Tests :
Laboratory tests
Physical Examination
Urine tests for proteinuria, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, metabolic acidosis
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