A New Twist on Atrial Fibrillation Treatment

A new device developed in collaboration with an electrophysiologist at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center makes a heart procedure safer for patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib), a common abnormal heart rhythm. Millions of people worldwide suffer from AFib, which increases their risk of stroke and heart failure significantly. Doctors employ cardiac ablation to assist restore the heart's rhythm in order to cure AFib. Heat or cold energy given through a catheter kills cardiac tissue, resulting in irregular and fast heartbeats. While the treatment is beneficial in curing AFib, the catheter tip's energy is only employed a few millimeters from the esophagus. There is a chance that the energy will produce an atrioesophageal fistula, a rare but sometimes fatal hole between the esophagus and the heart.

How to Reduce Damage to the Esophagus During Cardiac Ablation

To reduce the risk of damage to the esophagus, Emile Daoud, MD, section chief of the cardiac electrophysiology program and professor of internal medicine in the College of Medicine, helped develop the concept of physically moving the esophagus away from the catheter tip during an AFib ablation procedure. Using funds from an Accelerator Award from The Ohio State University’s Keenan Center for Entrepreneurship, Daoud helped design and test the device, called ESOlution. A clinical trial in the United States and Argentina showed that using the device significantly reduced injury to the esophagus without any adverse effects. Results of the trial were presented Saturday during the Heart Rhythm Society’s annual meeting.

“It has been frustrating to not have an effective method to protect the esophagus while delivering the ablation energy at the desired location. By using suction force, we’re able to pull in the esophagus and then move the entire segment to the side by only about an inch. This creates a safe pathway to deliver the treatment,” Daoud said.

ESOlution: The Solution to Esophageal Injuries

The clinical trial of 120 heart ablation patients found that without the device, over a third had esophageal injuries, but when the device was used, less than 5% had any injury to the esophagus, Daoud said. If approved by the FDA for commercial use, the device would be the first specifically developed and tested therapy to prevent ablation-related esophageal injury. Ohio State owns a piece of the technology being developed by S4 Medical Corp. Daoud is a co-founder of the medical company.

“How to safely protect the esophagus has been a well-recognized problem for at least 15 years. There are several techniques such as measuring the temperature inside the esophagus and using ultrasound or CT imaging to see where it’s located, but we still have esophageal injuries. This device is effective, inexpensive, and connects to a vacuum suction, which is already in every electrophysiology laboratory” Daoud said.

Though this hasn’t been tested, Daoud believes moving the esophagus may also improve the effectiveness of the procedure. With the esophagus out of the way, doctors can safely deliver larger amounts of ablation energy when it’s needed.

Understanding where the esophagus was moved relative to the location of the ablation catheter tip may also help manage and assess patients who have concerning symptoms after ablation. Safe deviation of the esophagus means that an injury to the esophagus is unlikely the cause of a patient’s post-procedure symptoms.

Amanda Mitchem, 59, of Mount Vernon, Ohio participated in the clinical trial at Ohio State and was randomly selected to have the device inserted during her ablation. She’d been suffering from AFib and simple daily tasks like doing laundry and dishes wore her out. When medication and mild electrical shocks to the heart didn’t work, she had the ablation.

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“The following day was like night and day. I was breathing so much better, and I hadn’t felt that good in probably a year,” she said. “Before that, I could be just sitting and feel like I ran 10 miles.”

Now she’s back to traveling to West Virginia to play with her granddaughter and sharing her story with friends and family.

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“Now I can breeze through going grocery shopping or to the flea market or yard sales. I can actually stand and have a conversation without having to gasp for breath,” she said.

References:

1. New device helps prevent complication during common heart procedure - (http://osuwmc.multimedia-newsroom.com/index.php/2023/05/20/new-device-prevents-complication-during-common-heart-procedure/)

Source-IANS