Algal-Based Local Anesthetic 'Effectively Blocks Pain in Surgical Patients'

Surgical patients might soon benefit from a long-acting local anesthetic, thanks to researchers in the United States and Chile.

In a randomised, double-blind trial, patients had significantly less postoperative pain and recovered about two days sooner when they received neosaxitoxin, a new local anesthetic derived from algae.

General Anesthesia - Risks, Post Operative Recovery & Complications
General anesthesia is treatment with medications that induce a state of deep sleep and unconsciousness in the patient in order to be pain free during surgery.

Based on this finding, Children's Hospital Boston, a co-investigator in the study, has signed an agreement to work with Proteus, a biotech start-up company in Chile, to move the new anesthetic toward clinical adoption.

Local anesthetics currently in use last for less than eight hours. When they wear off, patients generally need opioid analgesics, which cause side effects such as nausea, sedation, shallow breathing, constipation, sleepiness and itching.

The side effects often delay recovery and sometimes result in prolonged hospitalisation.

Local Anesthesia - Indications, Advantages, Adverse Effects & Contraindications
Local anesthesia is a type of anesthesia generally used to block pain sensation only in a specific area of the body that needs to be anesthestized.

Neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), a site 1 sodium-channel blocker based on molecules derived from aquatic organisms, provides local anesthesia for more than 24 hours.

The trial, the first of its kind, involved 137 Chilean patients undergoing laparoscopic removal of their gall bladders.

Spinal Anesthesia - Indications, Advantages, Disadvantages, Complications & Side Effects
Spinal anesthesia, a form of regional anesthesia involves the injection of certain anesthetic drugs into a fluid-filled space in which the spinal cord and the nerves arising from it are suspended using a fine long needle.

Significantly, fewer patients randomised to neoSTX reported severe postoperative pain at the incision site at both 12 hours (4 percent vs. 18 percent) and 24 hours (6 percent vs. 16 percent).

In addition, more neoSTX-treated patients had complete absence of pain at 12 hours, both at rest (88 percent vs. 69 percent) and with movement (80 percent vs. 60 percent).

Anaesthesia history - Milestones - Recent Development
An insight into the history of anesthesia, if not for which surgery sans pain would have remained a dream of the yester years.

Patients in that group reported full functional recovery about two days earlier. Neither group reported serious adverse reactions.

"In my opinion, there has not been a truly innovative new local anesthetic medication in the last 40 to 50 years," said study co-author Charles Berde, chief of the Division of Pain Medicine at Children's Hospital Boston.

"Most drugs introduced over that time period have represented only minimal advances. There have been candidate drugs that went in novel directions, but they've had shortcomings, and none have made it to market," he added.

The finding is reported in the March-April issue of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.

Source-ANI