Breakthrough Rapid Blood Test Detects 18 Infectious Diseases

The newly developed blood test might offer rapid diagnosis, detection, and differentiation of 18 infectious or inflammatory diseases. This includes conditions such as group B Streptococcus (GBS), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and tuberculosis. While current tests for some of the conditions can take several hours, days or even weeks, a test-based on this approach would be capable of providing a result in under 60 minutes. "Despite huge strides forward in medical technology, when a child is brought into hospital with a fever, our initial approach is to treat based on the doctors' 'impression' of the likely causes of the child's illness," said Professor Michael Levin, from the Imperial’s Department of Infectious Disease."As clinicians, we need to make rapid decisions on treatment, often just based on the child's symptoms, information from the parents, and our medical training and experience," he added, "but we may not know whether a fever is bacterial, viral, or something else until hours or days after a child has been admitted, when their test results come back."

New Diagnostic Blood Test Improves Patient Outcomes

"Such delays can stop patients getting the right treatment early on, so there is a clear and urgent need to improve diagnostics. Using this new approach, once it's translated to near point of care devices, could be transformative for health care."In the study, researchers explored an approach focused on detecting the pattern of a patient's gene expression in blood that occurs in response to specific infections and inflammatory conditions. Using data from thousands of patients (including more than 1,000 children with 18 infectious or inflammatory diseases) the team was first able to identify which key genes were switched "on" or "off" in response to a range of illnesses -- providing a molecular signature of disease.

Machine learning was then applied to identify which patterns of gene expression corresponded to the specific disease areas and pathogens -- focusing in on a panel of 161 genes for 18 conditions.This panel was further validated in a cohort of 411 pediatric patients admitted to hospital with sepsis or severe infections (representing 13 of the 18 diseases), where gene expression was captured from blood analysis, and where diagnoses were made using current gold standard clinical methods.

Source-IANS