Cannabis Use and Surgical Complications: A Troubling Connection Revealed

As the prevalence of cannabis consumption rises, experts raise concerns regarding the safety of patients who frequently use cannabis.

Individuals who engage in regular cannabis consumption face a heightened likelihood of encountering complications prior to, during, and following surgical procedures, revealed study published in JAMA Surgery ().

Statistics on Cannabis Use Disorder

Nearly 16.3 million people had a cannabis use disorder (CUD) in 2021, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cannabis use disorder occurs when someone is unable to stop using cannabis even though it is causing health and social problems in their lives (). Researchers found that patients with CUD are approximately 20% more likely to experience a significant postoperative complication than patients without CUD.

“A significant number of patients’ first encounter with the health care system is for surgery. Most have other health-related issues like high blood pressure and diabetes that they may not have previously known about. Cannabis use falls into the category of a health-related issue. It may not be as harmless as people think; it can have a significant impact on your health,” said Paul Potnuru, MD, first author of the study and assistant professor in the Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine at McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston.

Cannabis
Cannabis has a long history of medicinal, recreational, and industrial use and comes from a bushy plant with thick sticky flowers called Cannabis Sativa

‘Individuals diagnosed with cannabis use disorder demonstrated an elevated susceptibility to postoperative complications, encompassing myocardial ischemia, acute kidney injury, stroke, respiratory failure, venous thromboembolism, hospital-acquired infection, and complications directly associated with the surgical procedure. #cannabis #cannabisabuse’

By using the National Inpatient Sample Database, researchers analyzed 62,110 hospitalizations from major elective inpatient surgeries performed in the United States from 2016 to 2019.

Additionally, the cost of hospital stay was higher in patients with CUD than those without it.

Earlier this year, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine released new guidelines () for screening cannabis use in all patients before surgery, and recommends informing them of the increased risk of adverse outcomes.

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“From the anesthesia perspective, cannabis users may need higher doses of anesthetic medications during surgery. They can also have higher pain levels after surgery and require more opioids. Doctors must be aware of the level of a patient’s cannabis usage to tailor the amount of medications given and closely monitor for complications,” Potnuru said.

Co-authors on the paper from McGovern Medical School were Srikar Jonna, MD, assistant professor of anesthesiology; and George W. Williams II, MD, professor, vice chair, and division chief of critical care medicine.

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References:

Cannabis Use Disorder and Perioperative Complications - (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-abstract/2806774)
Addiction - (https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/health-effects/addiction.html)
All Patients Should be Screened for Cannabis Use Before Surgery, First U.S. Guidelines Recommend - (https://www.asra.com/news-publications/asra-update-item/asra-updates/2023/01/03/all-patients-should-be-screened-for-cannabis-use-before-surgery-first-u.s.-guidelines-recommend)

Source-Eurekalert

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