'Chemobrain': Chemotherapy After Effect- Unlocks Cognitive Therapies

Chemotherapy, an essential treatment for cancer patients, causes calcium leaks in the brain resulting in neurocognitive dysfunction. This condition called “Chemobrain” consists of deficits in memory, attention, and executive function. This chemobrain mechanism can potentially open up novel therapies to help individuals with cognitive impairment. (1^✔ ✔Trusted Source
Targeting ryanodine receptor type 2 to mitigate chemotherapy-induced neurocognitive impairments in mice

Go to source) These findings were enumerated in a new study conducted by researchers from Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Chemotherapy Induced Calcium Leaks in Brain Spurs ’Brainfogging’

Calcium serves as a crucial messenger in cells throughout the body and enables us to think, move, and process nutrients. But as with any good thing, calcium only works well in moderation.

Calcium is controlled by ryanodine receptors that lie inside cells and control the amount of calcium in the cell. But sometimes the receptors get stuck in the open position, allowing too much calcium to flow inside cells at an uncontrolled rate.

This leak of calcium was first discovered in heart failure but has also been linked to cognitive decline that accompanies heart failure, post-traumatic stress disorder, long COVID, and Alzheimer’s, based on findings from the lab of Andrew Marks, MD, chair and professor of physiology & cellular biophysics at VP&S and co-senior author of the new study.

When the NIH announced an initiative to fund research on the understudied phenomenon of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, Marks and his collaborator, endocrinologist Theresa Guise, MD, of MD Anderson, decided to investigate whether calcium leaks could be responsible for this type of cognitive impairment as well.

The team tested the idea in mice and found that a chemotherapy treatment causes calcium leaks in the brain and neurocognitive dysfunction in mice with breast cancer and in healthy mice. The leaked calcium inside cells, the team found, impairs neuronal function.

The good news is that an experimental drug under development in the Marks lab was able to reduce both the calcium leak in the brain and neurocognitive symptoms in mice. Marks and his team hope that a clinical trial is soon to come, as there is currently no treatment for this common and distressing impairment.

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The study also adds to the evidence that the calcium leak has an important role in cognitive deficits in general. “I think it's a powerful story that we’ve converged on a similar pathway that affects cognition in multiple disorders and multiple settings,” Marks says.

Reference:

1. Targeting ryanodine receptor type 2 to mitigate chemotherapy-induced neurocognitive impairments in mice - (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37756377/)

Source-Eurekalert