COVID-19: Antibodies Against the Virus Could be Used to Produce Vaccine

Analysis of nearly 300 anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has uncovered a gene IGHV3-53, commonly used in antibodies, to effectively target the spike protein receptor-binding domain found in the virus. These antibodies show high potency, thus making it a promising candidate for vaccine design. The results contribute to growing structural insight that will be needed for successful vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2. As the global COVID-19 pandemic continues, multiple vaccine candidates have entered clinical trials. Yet, the molecular features that contribute to the most effective antibody response remain unclear.

The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 uses its receptor binding domain (RBD) to infect the host receptor, ACE2, on human cells. Antibodies that could target RBD and block binding to ACE2 are highly sought, and a number have been discovered. Here, Yuan Meng and colleagues compiled a list of 294 such RBD-targeting antibodies.

By analyzing them, they found that a gene in the IGHV gene family, known as IGHV3-53, is the most frequently used IGHV gene for targeting the RBD of the virus spike protein. IGHV3-53 antibodies, the authors say, not only have lower mutation rates but are also more potent. By studying the crystal structures of two IGHV3-53 antibodies bound to the RBD, the researchers identified the features that lead them to be so effective at binding and so highly potent, features that make them promising for vaccine design.

This detailed insight into IGHV-53 neutralizing antibodies should facilitate design of vaccine antigens that elicit this type of neutralizing antibody response, the authors say. "As IGHV3-53 is found at a reasonable frequency in healthy individuals, this particular antibody response could be commonly elicited during vaccination," they write.

Source-Eurekalert