Critical Component of Climate Change Could be Water Vapor

Using recent NASA satellite data, researchers have estimated more precisely than ever the heat-trapping effect of water in the air, validating the role of water vapor as a critical

The heat-trapping effect of water in the air has sealed the fact that water vapor is a critical component of climate change, explain researchers after using recent NASA satellite data more precisely.

Andrew Dessler and colleagues from Texas A and M University in College Station confirmed that the heat-amplifying effect of water vapor is potent enough to double the climate warming caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

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With new observations, the scientists confirmed experimentally what existing climate models had anticipated theoretically.

The research team used novel data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder-AIRS- on NASA's Aqua satellite to measure precisely the humidity throughout the lowest 10 miles of the atmosphere.

That information was combined with global observations of shifts in temperature, allowing researchers to build a comprehensive picture of the interplay between water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other atmosphere-warming gases.

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"Everyone agrees that if you add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, then warming will result," Dessler said. "So the real question is, how much warming?" he added.

The answer can be found by estimating the magnitude of water vapor feedback.

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Increasing water vapor leads to warmer temperatures, which causes more water vapor to be absorbed into the air. Warming and water absorption increase in a spiraling cycle.

Water vapor feedback can also amplify the warming effect of other greenhouse gases, such that the warming brought about by increased carbon dioxide allows more water vapor to enter the atmosphere.

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"The difference in an atmosphere with a strong water vapor feedback and one with a weak feedback is enormous," Dessler said.

Using data from AIRS, the research team observed how atmospheric water vapor reacted to shifts in surface temperatures between 2003 and 2008.

By determining how humidity changed with surface temperature, the team could compute the average global strength of the water vapor feedback.

"This new data set shows that as surface temperature increases, so does atmospheric humidity," Dessler said.

"Dumping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere makes the atmosphere more humid. And since water vapor is itself a greenhouse gas, the increase in humidity amplifies the warming from carbon dioxide," he added.

Specifically, the team found that if Earth warms 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, the associated increase in water vapor will trap an extra 2 Watts of energy per square meter.

"That number may not sound like much, but add up all of that energy over the entire Earth surface and you find that water vapor is trapping a lot of energy," Dessler said.

"We now think the water vapor feedback is extraordinarily strong, capable of doubling the warming due to carbon dioxide alone," he added.

Source-ANI
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