Defibrillator Can Aid Cardiac Arrest Victim’s Survival-Even Before Ambulance Arrives

Performing CPR and defibrillation on cardiac arrest victims by bystanders even before an ambulance arrives, has significantly improved their post-hospitalization survival.

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and early delivery of electric shock by defibrillator for a cardiac arrest person can significantly improve 30-day survival even when medical aid arrives as fast as two minutes. This research was presented at ESC Congress 2023.

Social Responsibility in Saving Cardiac Arrest Victims

The majority of sudden cardiac arrests occur in the community. A cardiac arrhythmia, called ventricular fibrillation, causes the heart to cease pumping and blood flow stops. If blood flow is not restored quickly, the individual passes out and dies within 10 to 20 minutes.

Automated External Defibrillator may Boost Cardiac Arrest Survival
Cardiac arrest survival greatly increases when a bystander is able to step in to apply an automated external defibrillator (AED) before the arrival of medical help.

‘Defibrillation saves lives during the golden hour of cardiac arrest. Prioritizing its locations can improve patients’ survival. #cardiacarrest #defibrillation #socialconcern’

Members of the public can help by calling an ambulance and performing chest compressions (called cardiopulmonary resuscitation-CPR) while asking someone else to find a defibrillator. The defibrillator is then used to give a high energy electric shock which restarts the heart.

Study author Dr. Mathias Hindborg of Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark said: “When a person collapses from sudden cardiac arrest, the most effective way a bystander can help is to perform CPR and use an automated external defibrillator (AED).”()

The study used data from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry on out-of-hospital cardiac arrests that occurred from 2016 through 2020. Information was collected on age, sex, location, bystander defibrillation and CPR, ambulance response time and survival at 30 days after the cardiac arrest.

The study only included adults with a cardiac arrest that was witnessed, who received CPR from a bystander, and where an ambulance arrived in 25 minutes or less.

The researchers compared the probability of survival between patients that had been defibrillated by a bystander prior to the ambulance’s arrival and those that had not. The difference was measured for eight different intervals of ambulance response time.

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The study included 7,471 adults with a bystander witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who received CPR before an ambulance arrived. Of those, 14.7% (1,098/7,471) received bystander defibrillation before the arrival of an ambulance and 85.3% (6,373/7,471) did not.

Some 44.5% (489/1,098) of patients survived to 30 days when bystander defibrillation was performed compared with 18.8% (1,200/6,373) when no bystander defibrillation was performed.

Evaluating the Potential of Defibrillators in Cardiac Arrest Victims

Patients receiving bystander defibrillation were more likely to survive to 30 days compared to those who did not receive bystander defibrillation for all intervals of ambulance arrival time except 0 to 2 minutes, where the increase did not reach statistical significance.

Bystanders Can Aid More Cardiac Arrest Patients Survive
Everyone should learn to recognize cardiac arrest, perform CPR, use an AED, to rescue more cardiac arrest patients.

Compared with no defibrillation, the likelihood of survival with bystander defibrillation was 37% higher when the ambulance arrived in 2-4 minutes, 55% higher for arrival in 4-6 minutes, and approximately two-fold higher for the remaining intervals studied, with relative risks of 2.23 for 6-8 minutes, 1.99 for 8-10 minutes, 1.89 for 10-12 minutes, 1.86 for 12-15 minutes and 1.98 for 15 to 25 minutes.

Dr. Hindborg said: “All patients in the study received CPR, and the results show the added benefit of bystander defibrillation on survival. The greatest positive impact of bystander defibrillation on the probability of survival was achieved when the ambulance took six to eight minutes to reach the scene. The findings indicate that when resources are limited, defibrillators should be located in areas where ambulance response times are likely to be more than six minutes.”

He concluded: “Anyone can help resuscitate a person suffering a cardiac arrest, be it by performing CPR, retrieving or using an AED, or even purchasing an AED for their workplace, community or household. Defibrillation saves lives and we can’t have too many AEDs in the community, but if we need to prioritise the locations, this study can help in that process.”

Reference:

You can save a cardiac arrest victim’s life even if an ambulance arrives in two minutes - (https://www.escardio.org/The-ESC/Press-Office/Press-releases/You-can-save-a-cardiac-arrest-victim-s-life-even-if-an-ambulance-arrives-in-two-minutes)

Source: Eurekalert