DEPLOY: Cutting-Edge AI Tool to Combat Brain Tumors

DEPLOY, the new AI tool, revolutionizes brain tumor classification by predicting DNA methylation and categorizing tumors into 10 major subtypes.

Researchers at The Australian National University (ANU) have developed a new AI tool DEPLOY that quickly and accurately classifies brain tumors. Dr. Danh-Tai Hoang emphasizes that precise diagnosis and categorization of tumors are crucial for effective patient treatment ().

“The current gold standard for identifying different kinds of brain tumors is DNA methylation-based profiling,” Dr Hoang said.

Brain Tumor
Brain tumors are the abnormal growth of brain cells that may be benign or metastatic. Brain tumors account for about 2.4% of all the tumor diagnosesandare most challenging due to their critically delicate location.

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“DNA methylation acts like a switch to control gene activity, and which genes are turned on or off.

“But the time it takes to do this kind of testing can be a major drawback, often requiring several weeks or more when patients might be relying on quick decisions on therapies.

“There’s also a lack of availability of these tests in nearly all hospitals worldwide.”

Brain Tumor in Children
An abnormal growth of cells in the brain is called brain tumor. Most tumors arise within the brain (primary). They can be benign or cancerous.

DEPLOY Utilizes Histopathology Images to Classify Brain Tumors

DEPLOY draws on microscopic pictures of a patient’s tissue called histopathology images.

The model was trained and validated on large datasets of approximately 4,000 patients from across the US and Europe.

Quiz on Brain Tumor
Brain tumor is a group of cells with abnormal growth in the brain. A primary brain tumor indicates the tumor that starts in the brain. A secondary tumor originates elsewhere in the body and then spreads to the ...

“Remarkably, DEPLOY achieved an unprecedented accuracy of 95 per cent,” Dr Hoang said.

“Furthermore, when given a subset of 309 particularly difficult to classify samples, DEPLOY was able to provide a diagnosis that was more clinically relevant than what was initially provided by pathologists.

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“This shows the potential future role of DEPLOY as a complementary tool, adding to a pathologist’s initial diagnosis, or even prompting re-evaluation in the case of disparities.”

The researchers believe DEPLOY could eventually be used to help classify other types of cancer as well.

Reference:

Prediction of DNA methylation-based tumor types from histopathology in central nervous system tumors with deep learning - (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-02995-8)

Source-Eurekalert