Elderly With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease at Risk for Aero-digestive Cancers

Elderly individuals with gastroesophageal reflux disease have an increased risk for cancers of the upper respiratory and digestive tract.

Using data interpreted by LSU Health New Orleans' Louisiana Tumor Registry, a case-control study found for the first time that older people who have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are at higher risk for cancers of the upper respiratory and digestive tract. The study is published in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery.

The researchers, led by Edward McCoul, MD, MPH, of Ochsner Clinic Foundation, used 2003-2011 data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database to determine whether there was a link between GERD and subsequent malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract in elderly Americans. The Louisiana Tumor Registry at LSU Health New Orleans School of Public Health is one of the 17 population-based cancer registries of the SEER Program.

Esophageal Disorders - Achalasia Esophagitis Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Esophagus is the tubular structure that carries food, liquids and saliva from mouth to the stomach. esophageal disorders are common but lack a well-defined pathogenetic mechanism.

‘Malignancies of the upper aero-digestive tract account for more than 800,000 cancer cases and 360,000 deaths worldwide each year.’

"Louisiana Tumor Registry is a contributor of the SEER-Medicare data," said Xiao-Cheng Wu, MD, MPH, Professor and Director of the Louisiana Tumor Registry at LSU Health New Orleans School of Public Health "Without the population-based state registries, such as Louisiana Tumor Registry, we would not have data for such cancer research."

The 13,805 cases studied included people who were 66 years and older diagnosed with cancers of the larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx, tonsil, nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses. The control group, without malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract, was matched for gender, age group and year of diagnosis. The authors found that the adjusted odds ratios for people who have GERD compared with people without GERD to go on to develop these cancers are 2.86 for larynx, 2.54 for hypopharynx, 2.47 for oropharynx, 2.14 for tonsil, 2.04 for nasopharynx and 1.40 paranasal sinuses.

Mei-Chin Hsieh, PhD, MSPH, Assistant Professor-Research at LSU Health New Orleans School of Public Health, who is very experienced in using SEER Medicare data, analyzed the data.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
This condition occurs due to the reflux of hydrochloric acid of the stomach into the oesophagus

"This study is a good example of effective collaborations between clinicians and epidemiologists," notes Dr. Wu. "Many clinicians have excellent ideas for cancer research, and we welcome more opportunities to collaborate with them."

Chronic inflammation, a feature of GERD, has been associated with the development of a number of malignancies. A significant association between GERD and esophageal adenocarcinoma has been recognized for more than a decade. Malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract account for more than 800,000 cancer cases and 360,000 deaths worldwide each year.

Reflux Esophagitis- Overview
Reflux esophagitis is a condition causing inflammation of the lining of the esophagus. This happens when there is a upward movement of the acid from the stomach due to weakness of the esophageal sphincter.

"The findings may suggest an opportunity for earlier detection and intervention among the target population," Wu and her co-authors conclude.

Indigestion or Dyspepsia - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
Indigestion or dyspepsia is referred to as nonspecific symptoms or discomfort that causes persistent pain or fullness in the upper abdomen, soon after the meal starts.

Source-Eurekalert