Extra Weight, Extra Worry: How Body Fat Influences Parkinson’s Risk

Individuals with higher levels of body fat in the belly or arms may have a greater risk of developing Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease compared to those with lower fat levels in these areas. Additionally, the research found that individuals with higher muscle strength were less likely to develop these conditions than those with lower muscle strength (1^✔ ✔Trusted Source
Association Between Body Composition Patterns, Cardiovascular Disease, and Risk of Neurodegenerative Disease in the UK Biobank

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Improving Body Composition May Reduce Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases

“These neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s affect over 60 million people worldwide, and that number is expected to grow as the population ages, so it’s crucial that we identify ways to modify risk factors to develop some preventive tools,” said study author Huan Song, MD, PhD, of Sichuan University in Chengdu, China. “This study highlights the potential to lessen people’s risk of developing these diseases by improving their body composition. Targeted interventions to reduce trunk and arm fat while promoting healthy muscle development may be more effective for protection against these diseases than general weight control.”

The study involved 412,691 people with an average age of 56 who were followed for an average of nine years. At the beginning of the study, measurements were taken for body composition, such as waist and hip measurements, grip strength, bone density and fat and lean mass.

During the study, 8,224 people developed neurodegenerative diseases—mainly Alzheimer’s disease, other forms of dementia, and Parkinson’s disease.

Male participants with high levels of body fat in their bellies developed the neurodegenerative diseases at a rate of 3.38 per 1,000 person-years, compared to 1.82 cases per 1,000 person-years for those with low levels of body fat in their bellies. For female participants, the rates were 2.55 for high levels and 1.39 for low levels. Person-years represent both the number of people in the study and the amount of time each person spends in the study.

After adjusting for other factors that could affect the rate of disease, such as high blood pressure, smoking and drinking status and diabetes, researchers found that overall people with high levels of belly fat were 13% more likely to develop these diseases than people with low levels of belly fat.

Those with high muscle strength were 26% less likely to develop the diseases than those with low levels of strength.

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The relationship between these body compositions and the neurodegenerative diseases was partly explained by the occurrence after the start of the study of cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke.

“This underscores the importance of managing these cardiovascular diseases right away to help prevent or delay the development of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or other degenerative diseases,” Song said.

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A limitation of the study is that participants were mainly white people from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, so the results may not apply to other populations.

The study was supported by Sichuan University, Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department and the Swedish Research Council.

Reference:

1. Association Between Body Composition Patterns, Cardiovascular Disease, and Risk of Neurodegenerative Disease in the UK Biobank - (https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000209659)

Source-Eurekalert