Free Range DNA may Signal Early Dementia Detection

Increased levels of cell-free DNA in the blood is a sign of chronic inflammation linked to early signs of frailty and dementia.

What are Circulating Cell-free Genomic DNA

Circulating cell-free genomic DNA, (ccf-gDNA) is a long identified product of natural cell death in the body. As cells die via apoptosis (programed cell death), the cells shrink, degrade their plasma membrane, and ultimately rupture and release their contents into the body, including DNA fragments. These fragments end up as free-range DNA in the bloodstream. “These ccf-gDNA fragments may trigger long-term chronic inflammatory reactions that have previously been linked to the premature destruction and aging of tissues and organs, including the brain,” says Peter Abadir, M.D., associate professor of geriatric medicine and gerontology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

For the new study, the researchers tested the blood of 631 people with the average age of 79 who showed no cognitive impairment when the study began. Participants received yearly physical and cognitive testing, at the time of each blood draw. Researchers found that during the eight-year study period, higher levels of ccf-gDNA in the blood were associated with increased cognitive decline and worsening frailty.

Alzheimer’s disease affects an estimated 6.5 million people in the United States, according to the Alzheimer’s Association, and there are no known cures or effective therapies. However, the potential of a blood test to identify those most at risk or in early stages could lead to supportive services and other interventions to plan for, compensate for or slow down worsening symptoms.

“Our world population is aging quickly. We have so many advances that have helped extend our life span, so the goal now is to live healthier as we age,” says Lolita Nidadavolu, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of geriatric medicine and gerontology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “Dementia and frailty are increasing in frequency. Many people know someone affected by these conditions. With a single blood draw, we may have the potential to identify people who can benefit from early interventions.”

Early Dementia Diagnosis or Circulating Cell-free Genomic DNA and Early Dementia

Moving forward, researchers say they hope to learn more about the cellular origins of ccf-gDNA fragments. If researchers can identify that a large amount of these fragments are coming from a specific type of cell, it is hoped that they can advance the search for drugs that target the aging and dementia process.

Other scientists who contributed to this research are Danielle Feger, Yuqiong Wu, Alden Gross, Jeremy Walston and Esther Oh of Johns Hopkins, and David Bennett and Francine Grodstein of Rush University.

This research was funded by the BrightFocus Foundation, the Johns Hopkins University Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (which is funded by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health), the Nathan W. and Margaret T. Shock Aging Research Foundation and the Nathan Shock Scholar in Aging Research Award. This study was also supported by the National Institute on Aging’s translational aging research training program and the institute’s epidemiology and biostatistics of aging program.

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Source-Eurekalert