Genetic Mutations Behind Uterine Fibroids Explored

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous tumors of muscle that occur in the uterus. A recent study has identified genetic mutations that lie behind the tumor generation in the uterus.

Genetic mutations behind uterine leiomyomas (ULs) have been explored by a new study.

Scientists at the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital performed a breakthrough study and identified the potential mechanism behind tumor generation in the uterus.

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Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous tumors that take origin from the myometrium and the neighboring tissue of the uterus. Uterine fibroids cause abnormal vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain.

‘Most uterine fibroids have mutations in genes that code for histone proteins. Disturbances in these genes harm the uterus more easily than other organs.’

The study has been published in Nature as a peer-reviewed publication.

What are uterine leiomyomas (ULs)?

Uterine leiomyomas or fibroids are benign (non-cancerous) tumors of muscle arising from the uterus. One in four women suffers from uterine leiomyomas at some point in premenopausal life.

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Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) is a minimally invasive procedure that is safer and more effective than surgery. UFE has fewer complications and a lesser chance of recurrence.

The tumors can cause excessive bleeding, pain and infertility, and hysterectomy.

At least three distinct genetic drivers, such as mutations in MED12 or FH or genomic rearrangement of HMGA2, are considered to be the cause of tumors.

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Uterine fibroid is a condition that causes discomfort to a number of women. Test your knowledge on uterine fibroids by taking this quiz.

Disturbances in some genes might harm the uterus

For the current study, the team created genome-wide datasets of primary tumor tissues to understand the production of ULs. They showed that most of the tumors had mutations in genes that encode histones.

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Histones are protein molecules that give genomes their structure and functional properties.

“In particular, genes that are poised to turn on and off frequently seem affected in fibroids. Disturbances in these genes might harm the uterus more easily than other organs. Some of the overexpressed genes might provide clues for the development of new fibroid treatment options,” highlights Professor Lauri Aaltonen.

The work shed light on the abnormal differentiation program driven by damaged chromatin that triggers uterine damage and the development of non-cancerous tumors.

Source-Medindia