Eating Slowly may Help You Shed Extra Kilos

Eating slowly could help prevent obesity, reduce waist circumference and lower body mass index (BMI) when compared to eating fast or at a normal pace.

Highlights:

Eating slowly has been linked to lower waist circumference and BMI
People who tend to eat quickly are more likely to be obese when compared to those who eat at a slower pace
Interventions like practicing mindful eating may help eat slowly and also reduce the risk of higher BMI and waist circumference

Simple changes in eating habits such as slowing down the speed at which you eat and not eating within two hours of going to sleep may help reduce weight, according to a research published in the online journal BMJ Open. These changes were associated with lower obesity and Body Mass Index (BMI) and smaller waist circumference.

Slower Eating Speed Linked to Weight Loss

The findings of the study are based on health insurance data of nearly 60,000 people with diabetes in Japan. All the participants had submitted claims and also had regular health check-ups between 2008 and 2013 for the health insurance. About 36.5% of the participants had one check-up over the six years, while 29.5% had two and 20% had three.

The claims included information on the dates of consultations and treatments. The check-ups included measurements of BMI waist circumference and the results of tests for blood chemistry, urine and liver function. A questionnaire was used to analyze the participants’ lifestyle including their eating and sleep habits and alcohol and tobacco use.

Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body mass index (BMI) is a simple tool that is generally used to estimate the total amount of body fat.

‘Interventions that are aimed at altering eating habits, such as mindful eating to reduce eating speed may be useful in preventing obesity.’

The eating speed of the participants was categorized as fast, normal and slow. The participants were asked whether they did any of the following three or more times a week:

Eat dinner within 2 hours of going to sleep
1Snack after dinner
Skip breakfast

Among the total participants, 22,070 people ate their food at a faster speed, 33,455 ate at a normal speed; and 4192 ate at a slower pace.

The research team found that the slow eaters were healthier and also followed a healthier lifestyle when compared to the fast or normal speed eaters. Compared with those who tended to eat their food fast, those who ate slowly were 42% less likely to be obese and normal speed eaters were 29% less likely to be obese.

The reductions in waist circumference were greater among the slow and normal speed eaters.

Obesity - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment
Obesity is a condition where there is excess accumulation of body fat which poses a risk to the health of the individual. It can affect children and adults.

Other factors such as snacking after dinner and eating within two hours of going to sleep three or more times a week were strongly associated with a higher BMI. All the aspects of eating and sleeping habits and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with obesity. About 52% of the participants changed their eating speed over the course of six years.

Since this is an observational study, no firm conclusions can be drawn about the cause and effect. The limitation of the study is that the eating speed was based on subjective assessment and the researchers did not assess energy intake or physical activity levels both of which may have been influential.

Glucose Tolerance Status Predicts Diabetes and Cardiovascular Outcomes
According to a recent study, a person’s glucose tolerance status is a better predictor of diabetes and cardiovascular disease outcomes than metabolic syndrome.

However, eating quickly has been linked to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. It may take longer for fast eaters to feel satiated, whereas this might happen quickly for slow eaters, reducing their calorie intake, said the researchers.

The researchers concluded that "Changes in eating habits can affect obesity BMI, and waist circumference. Interventions aimed at reducing eating speed may be effective in preventing obesity and lowering the associated health risks."

Tips to Eat Slowly

Sit down and eat in a calm environment
Use smaller serving plates
Set a minimum number of chews per bite
Set at least 20 to 30 minutes for each meal
Focus on what you eat and enjoy the taste and flavor
Avoid eating while driving

Reference:

Tips and Tricks for EATING SLOWLY - (http://www.muschealth.org/weight-loss-surgery/forms/nutrition_files/tips-and-tricks-for-eating-slowly.pdf)
Yumi Hurst, Haruhisa Fukuda. Effects of changes in eating speed on obesity in patients with diabetes: a secondary analysis of longitudinal health check-up data, BMJ Open (2018). DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019589

Source-Medindia

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