Anti-Diabetic Compounds to Reduce Glucose Production

A new class of anti-diabetes compounds have been discovered that helps to reduce glucose production in liver.

Highlights

During fasting or starvation, the cells overexpress protein PGC-1 and glucose production in the liver increases.
Using the newly identified compound SR-18292, the overexpression of the protein can be suppressed through a process called acetylation.
This helps to reduce the over-production of glucose by the liver cells and thus maybe useful in treating diabetes.

A new class of compounds that can reduce production of glucose in the liver has been identified.

The compound has been identified by a team of scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School and the Yale University School of Medicine, among others, which could be the new tool for studying and treating type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes - Risk Factors - Symptoms & Signs - Management - Prevention
Globalization and changing lifestyles has made diabetes very common in developing countries so much so that India is known as the Diabetes Capital of the World.

‘Suppressing the overproduction of protein PGC-1α in the liver cells, using the new compound SR-18292, makes it the right target for anti-diabetes treatments.’

When one of these compounds was used in diabetic animal models, it helped significantly improve the health by:

reducing glucose levels in the blood
increasing insulin sensitivity
improving glucose balance

Mechanism

The compound identified is called SR-18292. It modifies a protein known as PGC-1α.

The protein helps to bring about energy balance and controls genes involved in energy metabolism.

Gluten in Wheat, Rye, Barley Reduces Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes
Gluten-free diet has gained popularity though it has no effect on health but avoiding gluten-rich foods may increase the risk of diabetes.

During fasting or starvation, the cells overexpress PGC-1, and the production of glucose in the liver increases. Using the compound, the function of PGC-1α is modified through a process called acetylation and the glucose production is reduced.

"This protein was generally considered non-druggable," said Griffin. "But the team approached the problem through the process of acetylation, which means we can influence the protein's behavior indirectly. SR-18292 increases acetylation of PGC-1, which in turn shuts down glucose production in liver cells."

Exposure to Air Pollution Linked to Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes
Poor air quality appears to be a catalyst for obesity and diabetes in children, but the conditions probably are forged via different pathways.

Ant-diabetes treatment could aim to suppress the overproduction of the protein PGC-1αa.

"After the screening process found several potential candidates, the TSRI team designed derivatives of those initial hits," Griffin said. "We selected this compound based on its ability to induce acetylation and the fact that it had good pharmaceutical properties-so we could use it in animal models of Type 2 diabetes."

Top Ten Facts About Diabetes
Diabetes or diabetes mellitus, is an endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) over a prolonged period of time.

The new compound SR-18292 along with the several others developed, can be used as chemical tools to study the regulation of glucose metabolism.

The small molecules could also be developed as either a single agent to treat diabetes, or used in combination with current anti-diabetic drugs.

The study was led by Pere Puigsever of Harvard Medical School and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and included Patrick Griffin, co-chair of the TSRI Department of Molecular Medicine, and Theodore Kamenecka, TSRI Associate Professor of Molecular Medicine.

The findings are published in journal Cell.

Reference

Kfir Sharabi et al. Selective Chemical Inhibition of PGC-1α Gluconeogenic Activity Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes . Cell; (2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.001

Source-Medindia