HIV Antibody Response Raised in Patients With Tuberculosis Disease

A new study has found that the co-localization of tuberculosis disease and HIV in lymphatic tissues leads to the emergence of potent HIV antibodies.

HIV patients with pulmonary tuberculosis had broader and more potent HIV antibodies compared to those without suspected or documented Tuberculosis, according to a new study published in iScience. This study highlights the impact of concomitant tuberculosis disease on HIV immune responses.

Tuberculosis infects more than 2 billion people in the world, and it is the most common co-infection in people living with HIV. However, previous studies have not examined how tuberculosis impacts HIV immune responses and virus characteristics.

Tuberculosis and HIV: Time for an Intensified Response

Tuberculosis is extremely common, especially in regions of the world with high levels of ongoing HIV transmission (), and impacts both the immune responses and the characteristics of the circulating virus in people living with HIV so we must understand the relationship between the two.

AIDS/HIV- Clinical Features
Encyclopedia section of medindia gives general info about HIV Clinical Features

‘The status of tuberculosis disease in HIV patients indicate the future use of HIV vaccines and antibody-based HIV therapeutics as prophylaxis or treatment.’

High ongoing HIV transmission in areas of the world with frequent tuberculosis disease suggests that a potential vaccine that elicits broad and potent antibodies may not work because some geographic regions are more likely to have antibody-resistant strains ().

Researchers worked closely with investigators in Uganda and at the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) to collect samples from people newly diagnosed with HIV that either did or did not have tuberculosis.

From these individuals, they examined samples collected before and about 6 months after the start of HIV medications. Researchers compared antibodies, plasma inflammatory markers, and HIV sequences in the baseline and treatment samples.

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Researchers highlight that this study has implications for HIV vaccine strategies as they aim to generate antibodies that can block the virus after exposure. Generating broad and potent HIV antibodies has not been accomplished and remains a monumental challenge ().

But Tuberculosis disease generates broadly potent antibody responses and dissecting biological pathways that provide insight into how tuberculosis enhances HIV antibody responses could be leveraged to develop novel strategies for eliciting broad and potent HIV antibodies.

Urine-based Tuberculosis Screening Saves Lives
Screening all hospitalized patients with HIV for tuberculosis (TB) using urine tests would improve life expectancy and be cost-effective in Malawi and South Africa.

References:

Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection - (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4484961/)
Determinants of Tuberculosis Infection among Adult HIV Positives Attending Clinical Care in Western Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study - (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/art/2013/279876/)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease associates with higher HIV-1-specific antibody responses - (https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(23)00708-3)

Source-Eurekalert

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