HIV-infected Cells can Reside in the Bone Marrow

Researchers at University of Michigan have identified a new reservoir for hidden HIV-infected cells that can serve as a factory for new infections.

The findings indicate a new target for curing the disease so that those infected with the virus might not have to rely on AIDS drugs for a lifetime.

Aprepitant Drug Reduces Nausea, Vomiting in Bone Marrow Transplant Patients
Bone marrow transplant patients say two of the most debilitating side effects of the treatment are nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and radiation.

"Antiviral drugs have been effective at keeping the virus at bay. However once the drug therapy is stopped, the virus comes back," Nature quoted senior author of the study Dr. Kathleen L. Collins, as saying.

In people infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the virus that causes AIDS, there's an unsolved problem with current anti-viral drugs.

Though life saving, they cannot root the virus out of the body. Infected cells can live on, undetected by the immune system, and provide the machinery for the virus to reproduce and spread.

Fusing Bone Marrow Cells to Embryonic Stem Cells Could Evade Immune System Rejection
A new strategy for making embryonic stem cell transplants less likely to be rejected by a recipient's immune system, by scientists from Iowa and Iran, who have used cells from mice.

The study has discovered that bone marrow, previously thought to be resistant to the virus, can contain latent forms of the infection.

They are not affected by current anti-HIV drug regimens.

Heart Disease Patients Will Benefit With Bone Marrow Cell Transplants
Two new studies, conducted by scientists in Brazil and China, may lead to novel treatments for heart diseases.

"This finding is important because it helps explain why it's hard to cure the disease. Ultimately to cure this disease, we're going to have to develop specific strategies aimed at targeting these latently infected cells," said Collins.

"Currently people have to take anti-viral drugs for their entire life to control the infection. It would be easier to treat this disease in countries that don't have the same resources as we do with a course of therapy for a few months, or even years. But based on what we know now people have to stay on drugs for their entire life," she said.

Using tissue samples, the researchers detected HIV genomes in bone marrow isolated from people effectively treated with antiviral drugs for more than six months.

While further studies are needed to demonstrate that stem cells can harbour the HIV virus, the study results confirm that HIV targets some long-lived progenitor cells, young cells that have not fully developed but mature into cells with special immune functions.

When active infection occurs, the toxic effects of the virus kill the cell even as the newly made viral particles spread the infection to new target cells.

"Our finding that HIV infects these cells has clear ramifications for HIV disease because some of these cells may be long-lived and could carry latent HIV for extended periods of time. These HIV cell reservoirs can be induced to generate new infections," she said.

The study has been published in Nature Medicine. (ANI)

Source-ANI
SAV