How to Reduce the Long-term Effects of High Blood Pressure in Obese People?

Weight-loss medications and surgical procedures can reduce the long-term effects of high blood pressure (also called hypertension) in people who are overweight or have obesity, according to American Heart Association statement published in the Association’s journal Hypertension. The body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater is considered obesity, and a BMI of 25 to 29 is classified as overweight.

The writing group for the scientific statement included experts in the fields of obesity and high blood pressure, and they reviewed existing research to provide the latest guidance on weight-loss strategies to reduce high blood pressure.

Lifestyle modifications

National guidelines recommend a heart-healthy diet to help manage weight and control blood pressure. These guidelines emphasize dietary patterns rather than individual foods and nutrients.

The most well-established healthy eating patterns are the Mediterranean diet and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH).

The diets are similar in emphasizing eating more fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds with moderate amounts of fish, seafood, poultry, and dairy, and low quantities of red and processed meats, and sweets.

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Intermittent fasting is an approach that alters the timing of eating and fasting during the day or each week, produced some weight reduction and modest reductions in blood pressure in a few studies involving people with a group of conditions that can lead to heart disease.

However, analyses of several studies found that intermittent fasting had a weak impact on blood pressure and was no more effective than other diets in reducing weight.

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Increasing physical activity as well as improving cardiovascular fitness can reduce body weight and blood pressure.

Medications

If lifestyle modifications have not been successful in achieving weight reduction and blood pressure control, the statement suggests prescription medications may be considered for people who have obesity or overweight.

A newer class of medications called GLP-1 receptor agonists has been shown to help with sustained weight loss and significantly reducing blood pressure.

GLP-1 agonists, such as liraglutide and semaglutide are synthetic hormones, self-administered in a daily or weekly injection, that reduce appetite and help people to feel full.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved both medications for weight management and weight loss in individuals classified as overweight or obese.

Surgery

Metabolic surgery (also called bariatric surgery or gastric bypass surgery) can aid weight loss in people with severe obesity (people who have a BMI of 40 or higher) with a related health condition including hypertension. The statement includes a research review on metabolic surgery.

High blood pressure was resolved in 63% of people who had metabolic surgery, and several studies showed less use of blood pressure-lowering medicines after surgery.

The statement also highlights questions and gaps in research data on the use of medications and surgery to prevent and treat obesity-related hypertension.

These issues include whether these strategies will have the intended outcome, how effective they are for individuals who already have kidney disease or heart failure, and comparing the effectiveness of medications, surgery, or a combination of both to determine the best approach for long-term blood pressure reduction.



Source-Medindia