This is the first evidence of humans' ability to empathize with robots in perceived pain. It also highlighted the difference in human empathy toward robots.
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‘Electroencephalography (EEG) of 15 healthy adults who were observing pictures of either a human or robotic hand in painful or non-painful situations, such as a finger being cut by a knife, suggested that event-related brain potentials for empathy toward humanoid robots in perceived pain were similar to those for empathy toward human beings in pain.’
However, the beginning of the top-down process of empathy was weaker in empathy toward robots than toward human beings. It may be caused by human beings' inability in taking a robot's perspective.
Michiteru Kitazaki said, "The ascending phase of P3 (350-500 ms after the stimulus presentation) showed a positive shift in the observer for a human in pain in comparison with the no-pain condition, but not for a robot in perceived pain. Then, the difference between empathy toward humans and robots disappeared in the descending phase of P3 (500-650 ms). The positive shift of P3 is considered as reflecting the top-down process of empathy. Its beginning phase seems related to the process of perspective taking, as was shown in a previous study."
The study appears in Scientific Reports.
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