Indians Predisposed to Insulin Resistance More Prone to Fatty Liver Disease

Can insulin resistance cause fatty liver? Yes, high predisposition to insulin resistance leads to fatty liver in Indians.

Being highly predisposed to insulin resistance puts Indians at a higher risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), suggest health experts.

"Studies show that based on a combination of environmental and genetic factors non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent among 9-53 percent of the general population (). Currently known as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), it is a public health problem in India. Obesity, abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia collectively called metabolic syndrome, are the predisposing factors," said Dr. Bhaskar Nandi, HoD, Gastroenterology, Amrita Hospital, Faridabad.

Fatty Liver Disease: A Growing Health Problem in India
Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver dysfunction worldwide and is a rapidly growing health problem in India.

‘Lifestyle modifications like losing weight, eating healthy, doing enough exercise and quitting alcohol can keep non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) at bay. #FattyLiver #insulinresistance’

Insulin Resistance and NAFLD: A Dangerous Combination

"The genetic inclination towards insulin resistance contributes significantly to such prevalence of development of NAFLD among the Indian population," he added. It is widely prevalent and is a silently progressive disease and has emerged as one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer and is a common reason for liver transplants in India ()."

The Fatty Liver Epidemic: One in Every Five Individuals Affected
Formerly regarded as benign, fatty liver serves as a significant warning sign for underlying health threats like diabetes, cholesterol issues, and heart conditions.

Is Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Asymptomatic?

“NAFLD is asymptomatic till it manifests as cirrhosis in late stages. It is usually diagnosed incidentally on ultrasonography or during evaluation for abnormal liver function tests (LFT). Some patients may experience subtle right upper abdominal discomfort," Dr. Nandi said.

"As the disease progresses to cirrhosis, general ill-health, failing health, low appetite, and features of liver decompensation or portal hypertension emerge like ascites (water in the abdomen), jaundice, blood in vomitus, altered sensorium, renal dysfunction, and sepsis," he warned, adding that "advanced forms of NAFLD may lead to liver cancer".

He also said that "metabolic disorders like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity also aggravate NAFLD and drive it to cirrhosis. In turn, NAFLD is an adverse marker of outcome in metabolic disease.”

Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Growing Problem
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is on the rise with time and more research and efforts are the need of the hour to control the epidemic.

Healthy Lifestyle Changes for Liver Disease

Besides prompt treatment, he also recommended lifestyle modification by reducing weight and strict alcohol abstinence to treat NAFLD. He also stressed the need to reduce sugar, deep-fried foods, refined foods, and excessive butter and oil.

"Patients should aim to reduce their weight by at least 10 percent ideally over a year, through diet and exercise. A hypocaloric Indian diet, which involves smaller portions of home-cooked meals, is recommended," Dr. Nandi said.

"Focus on fruits, vegetables, and legumes, while minimizing cereals and grains. Regular physical activity, with 4-5 weekly sessions of 40-45 minutes each, combining cardio and resistance training, is strongly advised. Detox diets and protein supplements are not recommended," the doctor said.

References:

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Indian Perspective - (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8518336/)
Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with insulin resistance - (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10569299/)

Source-IANS

Is Surgery the Most Effective Treatment for Advanced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?
Metabolic (weight loss) surgery resulted in better overall health benefits in people with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a chronic form of fatty liver disease.