Latin America Prepares to Tackle Deadly Dengue Epidemic

Health officials in Latin America report an earlier than usual outbreak of potentially deadly dengue fever, and are getting ready this year for a virulent outbreak of the mosquito-borne disease.

Health officials in Latin America report an earlier than usual outbreak of potentially deadly dengue fever, and are gearing up this year for a virulent outbreak of the mosquito-borne tropical disease.

The Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) said so far it has logged some 146,000 cases in the first three months of the year, of which 79 have been fatal. This time last year there were some 79,000 cases of dengue reported, with 26 deaths.

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Health authorities already have declared epidemics in some Central American and Caribbean countries, and say the spread of the disease has been aided by climate changes.

"The year 2010 will be complicated, notably because of climactic factors like the El Nino phenomenon," said Romeo Montoya, part of a team of doctors who track the Aedes aegypti mosquito which transmits the disease.

Dengue fever symptoms include high temperatures and muscle aches. In extreme cases, hemorrhaging and death can follow.

About Mosquito Diseases
Mosquito-borne diseases, like malaria, filaria, dengue, etc are common in places conducive of mosquito breeding. Swamps, ponds and stagnated drainage provide optimal breeding ground for mosquitoes.

There is no known vaccine, but officials said they are in the process of developing one, and hope to have it ready in about five years.

According to the PAHO, the countries likely to be hardest hit by this year's outbreak are Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela.

Dengue and Dengue Fever - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention
Dengue is a tropical disease caused by mosquitoes carrying the dengue virus. Symptoms include fever, joint & muscle ache, fatigue, nausea and skin rash.

In Brazil, the number of dengue cases was up by 109 percent over last year, with 21 deaths. In Colombia, 22 people have died, or around 28,000 stricken with the illness.

In Venezuela meanwhile, there have been 16,000 cases so far, said health officials who said the number of cases appears to be rising year after year.

"We have a (level of ) epidemic that never before existed during normal seasons," said Violeta Menjivar, the deputy health minister in El Salvador, where last month the government declared a national state of emergency for dengue.

"The entire Central American region is affected."

Global warming has allowed the mosquitoes, and hence dengue fever, to spread to areas where the disease had not previously been known.

Drought conditions in some areas also have worsened the outbreak because people have stored water in and near their living areas, creating breeding grounds for mosquitoes that harbor the virus.

Officials have ramped up eradication efforts including eliminating mosquito breeding grounds and undertaking extensive fumigation in affected areas.

Source-AFP
THK