Researchers at the University of Chicago found that rhesus macaques and human shares certain characters like unscrupulous behaviour, patronage bestowed.
Dario Maestripieri, an Associate Professor in Comparative Human Development and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Chicago revealed that rhesus macaques, a type of monkey and human shares certain common behaviours.
The characters are subtle or unscrupulous cunning, deception, expediency, which is popularly termed as Machiavellian Intelligence and patronage bestowed or favoritism shown on the basis of family relationship.After humans, rhesus macaques are one of the most successful primate species on our planet; our Machiavellian intelligence may be one of the reasons for our success Maestripieri wrote in his new book ‘Macachiavellian Intelligence: How Rhesus Macaques and Humans Have Conquered the World’.
Rhesus macaques live in complex societies with strong dominance hierarchies and long-lasting social bonds between female relatives.
Individuals constantly vie for high social status and the power that comes with it by using ruthless aggression, nepotism, and complex political alliances.
The monkeys also use sex for political purposes and the tactics used to increase or maintain their power are not much different from those which Machiavelli suggested political leaders use during the Renaissance.
Alpha males, who rule the 50 or so macaques in the troop, use threats and violence to hold on to the safest sleeping places, the best food, and access to the females in the group with whom they want to have sex.
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Less powerful members of the rhesus macaque group are marginalized and forced to live on the edges of the group’s area, where they are vulnerable to predator attacks.
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'Social status can make the difference between life and death in human societies too,' he wrote.
Altruism is rare, in the monkeys of the particular group and, in most cases, only a form of nepotistic behaviour.
Mothers help their daughters achieve a status similar to their own and to maintain it throughout their lives.
Females act in Machiavellian ways also when it comes to reproduction. They make sure they have lots of sex with the alpha male to increase the chances he will protect their newborn infant from other monkeys 6 months later.
'But while they have lots of sex with the alpha male and make him think he’s going to be the father of their baby, the females also have sex with all the other males in the group behind the alpha male’s back,' Maestripieri said.
Struggles for power within a group sometimes culminate in a revolution, in which entire families of subordinates suddenly attack all members of the most dominant family.
These revolutions result in drastic changes in the structure of power within rhesus societies, not unlike those occurring following human revolutions.
Rhesus macaques dislike strangers and would viciously attack their own image in a mirror, thinking it’s a stranger threatening them.
When warfare begins, 'Even a low-ranking rhesus loner becomes an instant patriot. Every drop of xenophobia in rhesus blood is transformed into fuel for battle,' Maestripieri wrote.
'What rhesus macaques and humans may have in common is that many of their psychological and behavioural dispositions have been shaped by intense competition between individuals and groups during the evolutionary history of these species'
Source-IANS
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