Link Between Sleep Apnea and Cognitive Decline

Researchers are working on new strategies and solutions for sleep apnea to ward off a range of health risks including cognitive decline.

Improved solutions for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and other sleep related disorders aim to help decrease the associated negative health effects ().

Heightened risk of cognitive function decline from undiagnosed OSA – particularly in middle-aged men living in the community – is the focus of one of the latest studies published in Sleep Health.

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Obstructive sleep apnea should be suspected in overweight middle aged adults who snore loudly and which can cause interruption of breathing for 10 seconds or more and this results in reduced blood o

‘The study links cognitive decline to undiagnosed undiagnosed moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. #sleepdisorders #goodnightsleep’

The study recorded the sleep patterns of more than 470 men aged from 41-87 years along side their daytime cognitive function for processing speed, visual attention, episodic memory recollection and other markers.

Cognitive Deficits in Sleep Apnea Patients

Measuring distinct features of brain electrical activity during non-REM sleep, called ‘sleep spindles’, the study aimed to explore if these features can serve as markers of cognitive function.

“Non-REM sleep includes light stage 1 and 2 sleep, as well as deeper stage 3 sleep which is thought to play an important role in learning and memory,” says Flinders University sleep researcher Dr Jesse Parker.

“Our study found cross-sectional associations between various domains of next-day cognitive function and several sleep spindle metrics during stage 2 and stage 3 of their sleep cycle.

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“The presence and severity of OSA was an important factor in this relationship.”

While standard clinical tests for OSA may detect and help to improve this common sleep-related breathing disorder with interventions such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or specific dental devices, the condition does vary between people depending on gender, age and other factors.

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Based on this latest Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study results, the Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Sleep Health researchers recommend long-term investigations into sleep spindle phases and OSA to improve future treatments – and to determine whether OSA interventions such as CPAP do improve sleep quality and cognitive function.

Sleep Apnea: Facts

Sleep apnea affects more than 1 billion people globally and if untreated or severe may increase the risk of dementia and Parkinson’s disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, anxiety and depression, reduced quality of life, traffic accidents and all-cause mortality, previous research has found. In Australia alone, the economic cost associated with poor sleep including sleep disorders has been estimated at $66 billion a year.

“Poor sleep as a result of OSA, as well as delayed sleep and body clock disruption, may lead to chronic health conditions, including cognitive impairment, poor mental health and cardiovascular disease,” says Associate Professor Andrew Vakulin, senior author on the publication and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Sleep Health researcher.

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“Highlighting the need for better treatments, our latest studies not only make more links between sleep disorders and poor health outcomes but also the need for tailored specific treatments for individual cases, including co-occurring conditions such as insomnia and sleep apnea.

Reference:

The association between sleep spindles and cognitive function in middle-aged and older men from a community - based cohort study - (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37268483/)

Source-Eurekalert